Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā_1

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm āsambuddhassa
Vinayapiṭake
Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā (paṭhamo bhāgo)
Ganthārambhakathā
Mahākāruṇikaṃ buddhaṃ, dhammañca vimalaṃ varaṃ;
Vande ariyasaṅghañca, dakkhiṇeyyaṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ.
Uḷārapuññatejena, katvā sattuvimaddanaṃ;
Pattarajjābhisekena, sāsanujjotanatthinā.
Nissāya sīhaḷindena, yaṃ parakkamabāhunā;
Katvā nikāyasāmaggiṃ, sāsanaṃ suvisodhitaṃ.
Kassapaṃtaṃ mahātheraṃ, saṅghassa pariṇāyakaṃ;
Dīpasmiṃ tambapaṇṇimhi, sāsanodayakārakaṃ.
Paṭipattiparādhīnaṃ, sadāraññanivāsinaṃ;
Pākaṭaṃ gagane canda-maṇḍalaṃ viya sāsane.
Saṅghassa pitaraṃ vande, vinaye suvisāradaṃ;
Yaṃ nissāya vasantohaṃ, vuddhippattosmi sāsane.
Anutheraṃ mahāpuññaṃ, sumedhaṃsutivissutaṃ;
Avikhaṇḍitasīlādi-parisuddhaguṇodayaṃ.
Bahussutaṃ satimantaṃ, dantaṃ santaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Namāmi sirasā dhīraṃ, garuṃ me gaṇavācakaṃ.
Āgatāgamatakkesu, saddasatthanayaññusu;
Yassantevāsibhikkhūsu, sāsanaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.
Vinayaṭṭhakathāyāhaṃ, līnasāratthadīpaniṃ;
Karissāmi suviññeyyaṃ, paripuṇṇamanākulaṃ.
Porāṇehi kataṃ yaṃ tu, līnatthassa pakāsanaṃ;
Na taṃ sabbattha bhikkhūnaṃ, atthaṃ sādheti sabbaso.
Duviññeyyasabhāvāya, sīhaḷāya niruttiyā;
Gaṇṭhipadesvanekesu, likhitaṃ kiñci katthaci.
Māgadhikāya bhāsāya, ārabhitvāpi kenaci;
Bhāsantarehi sammissaṃ, likhitaṃ kiñcideva ca.
Asāraganthabhāropi, tattheva bahu dissati;
Ākulañca kataṃ yattha, suviññeyyampi atthato.
Tato aparipuṇṇena, tādisenettha sabbaso;
Kathamatthaṃ vijānanti, nānādesanivāsino.
Bhāsantaraṃ tato hitvā, sāramādāya sabbaso;
Anākulaṃ karissāmi, paripuṇṇavinicchayanti.
Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘ yo
kappakoṭīhipī’’ tiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā
yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā
papañcenti ācariyā. Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti –
‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa
pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ
sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ. Atha
vā maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ
diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā’’ti.
Mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma. Tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ
yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena
idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Iccevamaccantanamassaneyyaṃ,
Namassamāno ratanattayaṃ yaṃ;
Puññābhisandaṃ vipulaṃ alatthaṃ,
Tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti.
Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya
paññāpāṭavabhāvato, tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ
cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye
cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).
Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –
‘‘Evaṃ ujugatacitto kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati
dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ
vediyati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 11.11.).
Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.99; mi. pa.
2.1.14). Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃ khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ
samāpayissati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Ratanattayapaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;
Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109);
Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuḍḍhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānamiti vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā. Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, aparihāniyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā dhammagāravatā saṅghagāravatā
sikkhāgāravatā samādhigāravatā kalyāṇamittatā sovacassatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34).
Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ.
Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato. Vuttañhi tassa puññātisayattaṃ –
‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadiva sāvake;
Papañcasamatikkante, ti ṇṇ asokapariddave.

‘‘ Te t ādise p ūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;
Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (dha. pa. 195-196; apa. thera 1.10.1-2);
Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanupāyo. Yathāha –
‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;
Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);
Upāyesu ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ. Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā
aparimeyyappabhavo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya
pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā suvuttaṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ
yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabba’’nti.
Evaṃ pana sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā
sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘yo kappa…pe… mahākāruṇikassa tassā’’ ti āha. Ettha pana yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo,
sā yasmā karuṇāppadhānā, na suttantadesanā viya karuṇāpaññāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā,
tasmā karuṇāppadhānameva bhagavato thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Esā hi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā.
Teneva suttantadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti
karuṇāpaññāppadhānaṃ, abhidhammadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino’’ti
paññāppadhānañca thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Karuṇāpaññāppadhānā hi suttantadesanā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ
āsayānusayādhimutticariyādibhedaparicchindanasamatthāya paññāya sattesu ca mahākaruṇāya tattha sātisayappavattito.
Suttantadesanāya hi mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo veneyyasantānesu tadajjhāsayānulomena gambhīramatthapadaṃ
patiṭṭhāpesi. Abhidhammadesanā ca kevalaṃ paññāppadhānā paramatthadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhasamatthāya
paññāya tattha sātisayappavattito.
Vinayadesanā pana āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenapi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto
apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto avattabbārahañca vadanto bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāppadhānā. Tathā hi
ukkaṃsapariyantagatahirottappopi bhagavā lokiyasādhujanehipi pariharitabbāni ‘‘sikharaṇīsī’’tiādīni vacanāni
yathāparādhañca garahavacanāni vinayapiṭakadesanāya mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso mahāparisamajjhe abhāsi,
taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇāpekkhāya verañjādīsu sārīrikañca khedamanubhosi. Tasmā kiñcāpi
bhūmantarapaccayākārasamayantarakathānaṃ viya vinayapaññattiyāpi samuṭṭhāpikā paññā anaññasādhāraṇatāya
atisayakiccavatī, karuṇāya kiccaṃ pana tatopi adhikanti karuṇāppadhānā vinayadesanā. Karuṇābyāpārādhikatāya hi
desanāya karuṇāppadhānatā. Tasmā ārambhānurūpaṃ karuṇāppadhānameva ettha thomanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.
Karuṇāggahaṇena ca aparimeyyappabhāvā sabbepi buddhaguṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā taṃmūlakattā
sesabuddhaguṇānaṃ. Mahākaruṇāya vā chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taṃsahacaritasesāsādhāraṇañāṇānampi
gahaṇasabbhāvato sabbepi buddhaguṇā nayato dassitāva honti. Esoyeva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo
yadidaṃ nayaggāho. Aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425);
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ patianuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti
paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā
karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayamettha samudāyattho.
Ayaṃ pana avayavattho –yo ti aniyamavacanaṃ. Tassa ‘‘nātho’’ti iminā sambandho. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā pana
yāya karuṇāya so ‘‘mahākāruṇiko’’ti vuccati, tassā vasena kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ lokahitatthāya
atidukkaraṃ karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ dasseti. Karuṇāya baleneva hi so bhagavā hatthagatampi nibbānaṃ
pahāya saṃsārapaṅke nimuggaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato samuddharaṇatthaṃ cintetumpi asakkuṇeyyaṃ
nayanajīvitaputtabhariyadānādikaṃ atidukkaramakāsi. Kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kāla nti kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi
‘‘ettakā kappakoṭiyo’’ti pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ kālaṃ, kappakoṭigaṇanavasenapi paricchinditumasakkuṇeyyattā
aparicchinnāni kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kappakoṭivaseneva hi so kālo appameyyo,
asaṅkhyeyyavasena pana paricchinnoyeva. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’ti api saddo kappakoṭivasenapi tāva pametuṃ na sakkā,
pageva vassagaṇanāyāti dasseti. ‘‘Appameyyaṃ kāla’’nti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ ‘‘māsamadhīte, divasaṃ
caratī’’tiādīsu viya. Karonto atidukkarānīti pañcamahāpariccāgādīni atidukkarāni karonto. Evamatidukkarāni karonto
kiṃ vindīti ce? Khedaṃ gato, kāyikaṃ khedamupagato, parissamaṃ pattoti attho, dukkhamanubhavīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Dukkhañhi khijjati sahitumasakku ṇeyyanti ‘‘ khedo ’’ ti vuccati. Lokahit āyāti ‘‘ anamatagge sa ṃsāre va ṭṭ adukkhena

accantap īḷ ita ṃ sattaloka ṃ tamh ā dukkhato mocetv ā nibb ānasukhabh āgiya ṃ kariss āmī’’ ti eva ṃ sattalokassa
hitakaraṇatthāyāti attho. Assa ca ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto’’ti iminā sambandho. Lokahitāya khedaṃ gatoti yojanāyapi natthi
doso. Mahāgaṇṭhipade pi hi ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato, kimatthanti ce? Lokahitāyā’’ti vuttaṃ.
Yaṃ pana evaṃ yojanaṃ asambhāventena kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati. Na
hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahatī’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ. Evaṃ yojanāyapi atidukkarāni
karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokahitakaraṇatthāyāti ayamattho viññāyati, na tu dukkhānubhavaneneva
lokahitasiddhīti. Paṭhamaṃ vuttayojanāyapi hi na dukkarakaraṇamattena lokahitasiddhi. Na hi dukkaraṃ karonto kañci
sattaṃ maggaphalādīsu patiṭṭhāpeti, atha kho tādisaṃ atidukkaraṃ katvā sabbaññubhāvaṃ sacchikatvā
niyyānikadhammadesanāya maggaphalādīsu satte patiṭṭhāpento lokassa hitaṃ sādheti.
Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, hitakaraṇassa pana adhippetattā taṃvisayasseva sattalokassa
vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni taṃvipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Katthaci pana
‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādīsu samūhatthopi lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Yaṃ panettha kenaci
vuttaṃ ‘‘iminā sattalokañca jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti, tasmā tassa sattalokassa idhalokaparalokahitaṃ, atikkantaparalokānaṃ
vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā
lokassa, lokānaṃ, loke vā hitanti sarūpekasesaṃ katvā lokahitamiccevāhā’’ti, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ
diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhaātahitassapi sattalokavisayattā, sattalokaggahaṇeneva ucchinnamūlānaṃ khīṇāsavānampi
saṅgahitattā.
Sabbattha ‘‘kenacī’’ ti vutte ‘‘vajirabuddhiṭīkākārenā’’ ti gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Mahāgaṇṭhipade’’ ti vā
‘‘majjhimagaṇṭhipade’’ ti vā ‘‘cūḷagaṇṭhipade’’ ti vā vutte ‘‘sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesū’’ ti gahetabbaṃ. Kevalaṃ
‘‘gaṇṭhipade’’ ti vutte ‘‘māgadhabhāsāya likhite gaṇṭhipade’’ ti gahetabbaṃ.
Nātho ti lokapaṭisaraṇo, lokasāmī lokanāyakoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi sabbānatthapaahārapubbaṅgamāya
niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya
aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ
sattānaṃ ekapaṭisaraṇo patiṭṭhā. Atha vā nāthatīti nātho, veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ mettāyanavasena āsīsati patthetīti attho.
Atha vā nāthati veneyyagate kilese upatāpetīti attho, nāthatīti vā yācatīti attho. Bhagavā hi ‘‘sādhu, bhikkhave, bhikkhu
kālena kālaṃ attasampattiṃ paccavekkheyyā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.7) sattānaṃ taṃ taṃ hitapaṭipattiṃ yācitvāpi karuṇāya
samussāhito te tattha niyojeti. Paramena vā cittissariyena samannāgato sabbasatte īsati abhibhavatīti paramissaro bhagavā
‘‘nātho’’ti vuccati. Sabbopi cāyamattho saddasatthānusārato veditabbo.
Mahākāruṇikassāti yo karuṇāya kampitahadayattā lokahitatthaṃ atidukkarakiriyāya anekappakāraṃ tādisaṃ
saṃsāradukkhamanubhavitvā āgato, tassa mahākāruṇikassāti attho. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā,paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati
apanetīti attho. Dukkhitesu vā kirīyati pasārīyatīti karuṇā. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati
vibādheti, vināseti vā parassa dukkhanti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā.
Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya
kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibādhetīti. Karuṇāya niyuttoti kāruṇiko yathā ‘‘dovāriko’’ti. Yathā hi dvāraṭṭhānato
aññattha vattamānopi dvārapaṭibaddhajīviko puriso dvārānativattavuttitāya dvāre niyuttoti ‘‘dovāriko’’ti vuccati, evaṃ
bhagavā mettādivasena karuṇāvihārato aññattha vattamānopi karuṇānativattavuttitāya karuṇāya niyuttoti ‘‘kāruṇiko’’ti
vuccati. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi yāva mahāparinibbānā lokahitatthameva lokanāthā tiṭṭhanti. Mahanto kāruṇikoti
mahākāruṇiko. Satipi bhagavato tadaññaguṇānampi vasena mahantabhāve kāruṇikasaddasannidhānena vuttattā
karuṇāvasenettha mahantabhāvo veditabbo yathā ‘‘mahāveyyākaraṇo’’ti. Evañca katvā ‘‘mahākāruṇikassā’’ti iminā
padena puggalādhiṭṭhānena satthu mahākaruṇā vuttā hoti.
Atha vā karuṇā karuṇāyanaṃ sīlaṃ pakati etassāti kāruṇiko, pathavīphassādayo viya kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvā
karuṇāyanasabhāvo sabhāvabhūtakaruṇoti attho. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Atha vā mahāvisayatāya mahānubhāvatāya
mahābalatāya ca mahatī karuṇāti mahākaruṇā . Bhagavato hi karuṇā niravasesesu sattesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca
anaññasādhāraṇā pavattati, diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañca mahantameva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ ekantato nipphādeti,
mahākaruṇāya niyuttoti mahākāruṇiko ti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Atha vā mahatī pasatthā karuṇā assa atthīti
mahākāruṇiko. Pūjāvacano hettha mahantasaddo ‘‘mahāpuriso’’tiādīsu viya. Pasatthā ca bhagavato karuṇā
mahākaruṇāsamāpattivasenapi pavattito anaññasādhāraṇattāti.
Evaṃ karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ
‘‘asambudha’’ ntiādimāha. Tattha asambudha nti pubbakālakiriyāniddeso, tassa asambujjhanto appaṭivijjhantoti attho,
yathāsabhāvaṃ appaṭivijjhanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Hetuattho hettha antasaddo ‘‘paṭhanto nisīdatī’’tiādīsu viya. Ya nti
pubbakālakiriyāya aniyamato kammaniddeso. Buddhanisevita nti tassa visesanaṃ. Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā
saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya
aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā

kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abh āvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabh āvena aggaha ṇato
kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho. Atthato pana
pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso
mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha ‘‘buddhoti yo so bhagavā
sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu
ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161). Tena evaṃ nirupamappabhāvena
buddhena nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanābhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ anubhūtanti attho.
Tattha nibbānaṃ gocarāsevanāvaseneva nisevitaṃ, maggo pana attanā bhāvito ca bhāvanāsevanāvasena sevito, parehi
uppāditāni pana maggaphalāni cetopariyañāṇādinā yadā parijānāti, attanā uppāditāni vā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena
paricchindati, tadā gocarāsevanāvasenapi sevitāni hontiyeva. Ettha ca pariyattidhammassapi pariyāyato dhammaggahaṇena
gahaṇe sati sopi desanāsammasanañāṇagocaratāya gocarāsevanāya sevitoti sakkā gahetuṃ. ‘‘Abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ
adhigacchati, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāya sammasanapariyāyo
labbhatīti yaṃ asambudhaṃ asambujjhanto asacchikarontoti atthasambhavato sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tampi ca
appaṭivijjhanto bhavābhavaṃ gacchati, pariññātadhammavinayo pana tadatthapaṭipattiyā sammāpaṭipanno na cirasseva
dukkhassantaṃ karissati. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.185; saṃ. ni. 1.185);
Ettha ca kiñcāpi maggaphalanibbānāni paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehipi gocarāsevanādinā sevitāni honti, tathāpi
ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena ‘‘buddhanisevita’’nti vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana buddhasaddassa sāmaññato
buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhānampi ettheva saṅgaho vutto.
Bhavābhava nti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso, bhavato bhavanti attho. Atha vā bhavābhava nti
sugatiduggativasena hīnapaṇītavasena ca khuddakaṃ mahantañca bhavanti attho. Vuddhatthopi hi a-kāro dissati ‘‘asekkhā
dhammā’’tiādīsu viya. Tasmā abhavo ti mahābhavo vuccati. Atha vā bhavo ti vuddhi, abhavo ti hāni. Bhavo ti vā
sassatadiṭṭhi, abhavo ti ucchedadiṭṭhi. Vuttappakāro bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavo. Taṃ bhavābhavaṃ. Gacchatīti
aparakālakiriyāniddeso. Jīvaloko ti sattaloko. Jīvaggahaṇena hi saṅkhārabhājanalokaṃ nivatteti tassa
bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato. Namo atthūti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo.
Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino ti dhammavisesanaṃ. Tattha avindiyaṃ vindatīti avijjā. Pūretuṃ ayuttaṭṭhena
kāyaduccaritādi avindiyaṃ nāma, aladdhabbanti attho. Tabbiparītato kāyasucaritādi vindiyaṃ nāma, taṃ vindiyaṃ na
vindatīti vā avijjā, khandhānaṃ rāsaṭṭhaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ, dhātūnaṃ suññataṭṭhaṃ, indriyānaṃ
adhipatiyaṭṭhaṃ, saccānaṃ tathaṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti vā avijjā, dukkhādīnaṃ pīḷanādivasena vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ atthaṃ
aviditaṃ karotītipi avijjā, antavirahite saṃsāre sabbayonigatibhavaviññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu satte javāpetīti vā avijjā,
paramatthato avijjamānesupi itthipurisādīsu javati, vijjamānesupi khandhādīsu na javatīti vā avijjā. Sā ādi yesaṃ
taṇhādīnaṃ te avijjādayo, teyeva kilissanti etehi sattāti kilesā,teyeva ca sattānaṃ bandhanaṭṭhena jālasadisāti jālaṃ,taṃ
viddhaṃseti sabbaso vināseti sīlenāti avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī. Nanu cettha sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo
adhippeto, tattha ca maggoyeva kilese viddhaṃseti, netareti ce? Vuccate. Maggassapi nibbānamāgamma
kilesaviddhaṃsanato nibbānampi kilese viddhaṃseti nāma, maggassa kilesaviddhaṃsanakiccaṃ phalena nipphannanti
phalampi ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vuccati. Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa paccayattā ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti
vattumarahatīti na koci doso.
Dhammavarassa tassāti pubbe aniyamitassa niyamavacanaṃ. Tattha yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne catūsu apāyesu
apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo .
‘‘Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37) –
Hi vuttaṃ. Saṃsāradukkhe vā apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo maggaphaluppattiyā sattakkhattuparamatādivasena
saṃsārassa paricchinnattā. Apāyādinibbattakakilesaviddhaṃsanañcettha dhāraṇaṃ. Evañca katvā ariyamaggo tassa
tadatthasiddhihetutāya nibbānañcāti ubhayameva nippariyāyato dhāreti, ariyaphalaṃ pana
taṃsamucchinnakilesapaṭippassambhanena tadanuguṇatāya, pariyattidhammo tadadhigamahetutāyāti ubhayaṃ pariyāyato
dhāretīti veditabbaṃ. Vuttappakāro dhammoyeva attano uttaritarābhāvena varo pavaro anuttaroti dhammavaro, tassa
dhammavarassa namo atthūti sambandho. Ettāvatā cettha amhehi sārattho pakāsito. Yaṃ panettha kenaci papañcitaṃ,
amhehi ca idha na dassitaṃ, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ. Ito paresupi evameva daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tasmā ito paṭṭhāya ettakampi
avatvā sāratthameva dassayissāma. Yattha pana kenaci accantaviruddhaṃ likhitaṃ, tampi katthaci dassayissāma. Ettha ca
‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino’’ti etena svākkhātatādīhi dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘dhammavarassā’’ti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa
abhāvadīpanato paripuṇṇatāya. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabhāvasampadaṃ.

Eva ṃ sa ṅkhepeneva sabbadhammagu ṇehi saddhamma ṃ thometv ā id āni ariyasa ṅgha ṃ thometu ṃ
‘‘guṇehī’’ tiādimāha. ‘‘Guṇehī’’ti padassa ‘‘yutto’’ti iminā sambandho. Idāni yehi guṇehi yutto, te dassento
‘‘sīlasamādhī’’ tiādimāha. Tattha catupārisuddhisīlādi ‘‘sīla’’ nti vuccati. Samādhīti paṭhamajjhānādi. Samādhisīsena hi
paṭhamajjhānādayo vuttā. Paññāti maggapaññā. Vimutti ca vimuttiñāṇañca vimuttivimuttiñāṇanti vattabbe
ekadesasarūpekasesanayena ‘‘vimuttiñāṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Ādisaddapariyāyena pabhutisaddena vā vimuttiggahaṇaṃ
veditabbaṃ. Tattha vimuttīti phalaṃ. Vimuttiñāṇanti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. Pabhuti -saddena
chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidādayo guṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca sīlādayo guṇā lokiyā lokuttarā ca
yathāsambhavaṃ niddiṭṭhāti veditabbā. Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ
labbhanti, tathāpi ante ‘ariyasaṅgha’nti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāvā’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ.
Na hi ariyasa ṅghassa lokiyaguṇehipi thomanāya koci doso dissati, sabbaññubuddhassapi tāva lokiyalokuttaraguṇehi
thomanā hoti, kimaṅgaṃ pana ariyasaṅghassāti.
Kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ puññassa vuddhiyā khettasadisattā khettanti āha ‘‘khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikāna’’ nti.
Khittaṃ bījaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena tāyatīti hi khettaṃ, pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇaviruhanabhūmi, taṃsadisattā ariyasaṅghopi
‘‘khetta’’nti vuccati. Iminā ariyasaṅghassa anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvaṃ dīpeti. ‘‘Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti hi
vuttaṃ. Ta nti pubbe ‘‘yo’’ti aniyamena vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ. Ariyasaṅgha nti ettha ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na
iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato upagatānañca
tadatthasiddhito ariyā. Ariyānaṃ saṅgho samūhoti ariyasaṅgho . Atha vā ariyo ca so yathāvuttanayena saṅgho ca
diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvatoti ariyasaṅgho, aṭṭha ariyapuggalā. Taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Bhagavato aparabhāge
buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘sirasā
namāmī’’ ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ
yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento āha ‘‘icceva’’ miccādi. Iccevaṃ yathāvuttanayena accantaṃekantena
namassaneyyaṃnamassitabbaṃ ratanattayaṃ namassamāno kāyavācācittehi vandamāno ahaṃ vipulaṃ yaṃ
puññābhisandaṃ alatthanti sambandho. Tattha buddhādayo ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā
yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ
cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye
cittaṃ hoti, ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati
dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).
Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;
Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33);
Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsuyeva labbhantīti.
‘‘Puññābhisandanti puññarāsiṃ puññappavattaṃ vā’’ti mahāgaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana
cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññābhinisaṃsa’’ntipi attho vutto. Puññābhisanda nti puññanadiṃ,
puññappavāhanti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Avicchedena pavattiyamānañhi puññaṃ abhisandanaṭṭhena
‘‘puññābhisando’’ti vuccati. Teneva sāratthapakāsiniyā saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāya (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.1027) –
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave,
ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… buddho bhagavā’ti, ayaṃ paṭhamo
puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1027) –
Evamādikāya pāḷiyā atthaṃ dassento ‘‘puññābhisandā kusalābhisandāti puññanadiyo kusalanadiyo’’ti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana
gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññaphala’’nti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Na hi ratanattayaṃ namassamāno tasmiṃ
khaṇe puññaphalaṃ alattha, kintu anappakaṃ puññarāsiṃ tadā alabhi, tassa ca phalaṃ paralokabhāgī, diṭṭhadhamme tu
antarāyavighāto tassa ca puññassa ānisaṃsamattakaṃ, ‘‘tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti ca vuttaṃ, na ca puññaphale
anuppanne tassānubhāvena hatantarāyabhāvo na sijjhati, na cetaṃ tasmiṃyeva khaṇe diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ ahosi.
Tasmā tassa mahato puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena hatantarāyoti ayameva attho yujjati. Athāpi paṇāmakiriyāya janitattā
puññameva puññaphalanti tassādhippāyo siyā, evaṃ sati yujjeyya. So ca puññappavāho na appamattako, atha kho
mahantoyevāti dassento āha ‘‘vipula’’ nti, mahantaṃ anappakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Alattha nti alabhiṃ, pāpuṇinti attho.
Tassānubhāvenāti tassa yathāvuttassa puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena balena. Hatantarāyo ti taṃtaṃsampattiyā
vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti antar āyo, diṭṭhadhammik ādianattho. Pa ṇā mapayojane

vuttavidhin ā hato viddhasto antar āyo upaddavo ass āti hatantar āyo. Assa ‘‘ va ṇṇ ayissa ṃ vinaya ’’ nti imin ā sambandho,
hatantarāyo hutvā vinayaṃ vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena tassa puññappavāhassa attano pasādasampattiyā
ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ hanane samatthataṃ dīpeti.
Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassa vinayapiṭakassa atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo,
tassa tāva bhagavato sāsanassa mūlapatiṭṭhānabhāvaṃ dassetvā tampi thomento āha ‘‘yasmiṃ ṭhite’’ tiādi. Aṭṭhitassa
susaṇṭhitassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yasmiṃ ṭhite patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha yasmi nti yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake.
Ṭhite ti pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ hutvā lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhiteti attho. Sāsana nti
adhisīlaadhicittaadhipaññāsaṅkhātasikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ sāsanaṃ. Aṭṭhitassāti
kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasaṅkhāte antadvaye aṭṭhitassāti attho. ‘‘Appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, anāyūhaṃ
oghamatari’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.1) hi vuttaṃ. Ayañcattho tīsupi sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesu vuttoyeva. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘aṭṭhitassāti
parinibbutassapi bhagavato’’ti vuttaṃ.
Patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti tesuyeva lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti. Susaṇṭhitassāti ettha tāva tīsupi
gaṇṭhipadesu idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjanehi samannāgamanavasena susaṇṭhānassāti
attho. Anena assa rūpakāyasampattiṃ nidassetī’’ti. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘yathāṭhāne patiṭṭhitehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatattā
rūpakāyena susaṇṭhito, kāyavaṅkādirahitattā tādilakkhaṇasamannāgatattā ca nāmakāyenapī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana
‘‘catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa. Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ
sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamudito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti.
Tasmā imasmiṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘susaṇṭhitassā’’’ti vatvā ‘‘gaṇṭhipadesu
vuttattho adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha amhākaṃ khanti –
yathāvuttakāmasukhallikādiantadvaye aṭṭhitattāyeva majjhimāya paṭipadāya sammā ṭhitattā susaṇṭhitassāti evamattho
gahetabboti. Evañhi sati ārambhānurūpathomanā katā hoti yathāvuttaantadvayaṃ vivajjetvā majjhimāya paṭipadāya
vinayapaññattiyāyeva yebhuyyena pakāsanato.
Ta nti pubbe ‘‘yasmi’’nti aniyametvā vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ, tassa ‘‘vinaya’’nti iminā sambandho. Asammissa nti
bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ katvā anākulaṃ katvā vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti.
Sikkhāpadapaññattiyā anurūpassa kālamattassapi dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherasadisenapi duviññeyyabhāvato kevalaṃ
buddhavisayaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ attano balena vaṇṇayissāmīti vacanamattampi aññehi vattumasakkuṇeyyattā ‘‘nissāya
pubbācariyānubhāva’’ nti āha. Pubbācariyānubhāvo nāma atthato pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitā aṭṭhakathā, tatoyeva ca
‘‘pubbācariyānubhāvo aṭṭhakathā’’ti sabbattha gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Tasmā pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ
nissāya vaṇṇayissaṃ, na attanoyeva balaṃ nissāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Atha ‘‘porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu vijjamānāsu puna vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya kiṃ payojana’’nti yo vadeyya, tassa
porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ attano ca saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘kāmañcā’’ tiādimāha. Kāma nti ekantena,
yathicchakaṃ vā, sabbasoti vuttaṃ hoti, tassa ‘‘saṃvaṇṇito’’ti iminā sambandho. Kāmaṃ saṃvaṇṇitoyeva, no na
saṃvaṇṇitoti attho. Kehi pana so vinayo saṃvaṇṇitoti āha ‘‘pubbācariyāsabhehī’’ ti. Mahākassapattherādayo pubbācariyā
eva akampiyaṭṭhena uttamaṭṭhena ca āsabhā, tehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kīdisā panete pubbācariyāti āha
‘‘ñāṇambū’’ tiādi. Aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātena ambunāsalilena niddhotāni nissesato āyatiṃ
anuppattidhammatāpādanena dhotāni vikkhālitāni visodhitāni rāgādīni tīṇi malāni kāmāsavādayo ca cattāro āsavā yehi te
ñāṇambuniddhātamalāsavā,tehīti attho. Iminā ca na kevalaṃ etesu ācariyabhāvoyeva, atha kho rāgādimalarahitā
khīṇāsavā visuddhasattā eteti dasseti.
Khīṇāsavabhāvepi na ete sukkhavipassakā, atha kho evarūpehipi ānubhāvehi samannāgatāti dassento āha
‘‘visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidehī’’ ti. Visuddhā accantaparisuddhā vijjā catasso ca paṭisambhidā yesaṃ te
visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidā, tehi. Ekadesena paṭisambhidaṃ appattānaṃ ariyānameva abhāvato etehi adhigatapaṭisambhidā
paṭutaraladdhappabhedāti dassetuṃ visuddha ggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Vijjāti tisso vijjā, aṭṭha vijjā vā. Tattha dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ
pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇañcāti imā tisso vijjā. Aṭṭha vijjā pana –
‘‘Vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhi,
Iddhippabhedopi ca dibbasotaṃ;
Parassa cetopariyāyañāṇaṃ,
Pubbenivāsānugatañca ñāṇaṃ;
Dibbañca cakkhāsavasaṅkhayo ca,
Etāni ñāṇāni idhaṭṭha vijjā’’ti. –
Evaṃ vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhīhi saddhiṃ pariggahitā cha abhiññāyeva. Atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā
niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha saṅkhepato hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā,
hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuhetuphalānurūpaṃ vohāresu ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, idaṃ ñāṇaṃ
imamattha ṃ jotayatīti imin ā ā kārena he ṭṭhā vuttesu tīsu ñ āṇ esu pavattañ āṇ aṃ pa ṭibh ānapa ṭisambhid ā. Etāsa ṃ pana

vitth ārakath ā atipapañcabh āvato idha na vuccati. Pa ṭisambhid āppattāna ṃ saddhammesu chekabh āvato āha
‘‘saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī’’ ti. ‘‘Paṭisambhidāppattānampi dhammesu abhiyogavasena viseso hotīti
laddhapaṭisambhidāsu sātisayataṃ dassetuṃ āhā’’tipi vadanti. Saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehīti
piṭakattayasaṅkhātassa saddhammassa saṃvaṇṇane sabbaso atthappakāsane kovidehi chekehi, kusalehīti attho.
Kilesajālaṃ parikkhārabāhullaṃ vā saṃlikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho . Idha pana khīṇāsavādhikārattā
parikkhārabāhullassa sallikhanavaseneva attho gahetabbo, tatoyeva ca gaṇṭhipade ‘‘sallekhiye
parimitaparikkhāravuttiyā’’ti attho vutto. Sallekhassa bhāvo sallekhiyaṃ,tasmiṃ sallekhiye, sallekhapaṭipattiyanti vuttaṃ
hoti. Nosulabhūpamehīti asulabhūpamehi sallekhapaṭipattiyā asukasadisāti tesaṃ upamāya anucchavikapuggalānaṃ
dullabhattā natthi sulabhā upamā etesanti nosulabhūpamā. Mahāvihārassāti cittalapabbataabhayagirisesanikāyadvayaṃ
paṭikkhipati. Dhajūpamehīti rathassa sañjānanahetukaṃ rathe baddhadhajaṃ viya ajānantānaṃ ‘‘asukehi ca asukehi ca
therehi nivāsito mahāvihāro nāmā’’ti evaṃ mahāvihārassa sañjānanahetuttā mahāvihārassa dhajūpamehi. Saṃvaṇṇito ti
sammā anūnaṃ katvā vaṇṇito. Saṃvaṇṇito ayaṃ vinayoti padacchedo kātabbo. Cittehi nayehīti anekappabhedanayattā
vicittehi nayehi. Sambuddhavaranvayehīti sabbaññubuddhavaraṃ anugatehi, bhagavato adhippāyānugatehi nayehīti
vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā buddhavaraṃ anugatehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti sambandho kātabbo.
Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanavisesaṃ dassetuṃ
‘‘saṃvaṇṇanā’’ tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –kiñcāpi pubbācariyāsabhehi yathāvuttaguṇavisiṭṭhehi ayaṃ vinayo sabbaso
vaṇṇito, tathāpi tesaṃ esā saṃvaṇṇanā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ bhāsāya saṅkhatattā racitattā dīpantare bhikkhujanassa
sīhaḷadīpato aññadīpavāsino bhikkhugaṇassa kiñci atthaṃ payojanaṃ yasmā nābhisambhuṇāti na sampādeti na sādheti,
tasmā imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ pāḷinayānurūpaṃ katvā buddhasirittherena ajjhiṭṭho idāni samārabhissanti. Tattha saṃvaṇṇiyati
attho etāyāti saṃvaṇṇanā,aṭṭhakathā. Sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa
atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhoyeva buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto
kathāmaggo. Soyeva ca mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato, pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi
nikāyantaraladdhīhi saṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito. Tenāha ‘‘sīhaḷadīpakenā’’ tiādi. Sīhassa lānato
gahaṇato sīhaḷo, sīhakumāro. Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassapi
sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo, tasmiṃ sīhaḷadīpe bhūtattā sīhaḷadīpakena vākyena vacanena, sīhaḷabhāsāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Pāḷinayānurūpa nti pāḷinayassa anurūpaṃ katvā, māgadhabhāsāya parivattitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ajjhesana nti
garuṭṭhāniyaṃ payirupāsitvā garutaraṃ payojanaṃ uddissa abhipatthanā ajjhesanā, taṃ ajjhesanaṃ, āyācananti attho.
Tassa ‘‘samanussaranto’’ti iminā sambandho. Kassa ajjhesananti āha ‘‘buddhasirivhayassa therassā’’ ti. Buddhasirīti
avhayo nāmaṃ yassa soyaṃ buddhasirivhayo, tassa, itthannāmassa therassa ajjhesanaṃ sammā ādarena samanussaranto
hadaye ṭhapentoti attho.
Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya karaṇappakāraṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañcā’’ tiādimāha. Tattha tañca idāni
vuccamānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhanto sakalāyapi mahāaṭṭhakathāya idha gahetabbato mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā idāni
vuccamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya sarīraṃ katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ yo vinicchayo vutto, tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu vissutāsu
aṭṭhakathāsu yo vinicchayo vutto, tatopi vinicchayato yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto antogadhattheravādaṃ katvā
saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhissanti padatthasambandho veditabbo. Ettha ca attho kathiyati etāyāti atthakathā, sāyeva
aṭṭhakathātthakārassa ṭṭhakāraṃ katvā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8) viya. Mahāpaccariya nti ettha
paccarīti uḷumpaṃ vuccati, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Kurundivallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā
kurundīti nāmaṃ jātanti vadanti. Ādisaddena andhakaṭṭhakathaṃ saṅkhepaṭṭhakathañca saṅgaṇhāti. Vissutāsūti sabbattha
patthaṭāsu, pākaṭāsūti vuttaṃ hoti.
Yuttamattha nti ettha tāva majjhimagaṇṭhipade cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yuttamatthanti
saṃvaṇṇetabbaṭṭhānassa yuttamatthaṃ, na pana tattha ayuttampi atthīti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti. Mahāgaṇṭhipade panettha na kiñci
vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana ‘‘mahāaṭṭhakathānayena vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamattha’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati
mahāpaccariādīsupi katthaci ayuttassāpi atthassa upari vibhāvanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathaṃyeva gahetvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ
karissāmī’’ti vutte aṭṭhakathāsu vuttattheravādānaṃ bāhirabhāvo siyāti tepi antokattukāmo ‘‘antogadhatheravāda’’ nti
āha, theravādepi antokatvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Saṃvaṇṇana nti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Pubbe vuttaṃ tu
‘‘saṃvaṇṇana’’nti vacanaṃ tattheva ‘‘samārabhanto’’ti pubbakālakiriyāya kammabhāvena yojetabbaṃ. Sammāti vattabbe
gāthābandhavasena rassabhāvo katoti veditabbo.
Evaṃ karaṇappakāraṃ dassetvā idāni sotūhi paṭipajjitabbavidhiṃ dassento ‘‘taṃ me’’ tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –
idāni vuccamānaṃ taṃ mama saṃvaṇṇanaṃ dhammapadīpassa tathāgatassa dhammaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ pāḷidhammaṃ vā
sakkaccaṃ paṭimānayantā pūjentā thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, acirapabbajitattā navā, tesaṃ majjhe
bhavattā majjhimā ca bhikkhū pasannacittā yathāvuttanayena sappayojanattā upari vakkhamānavidhinā pamāṇattā ca
saddahitvā pītisomanassayuttacittā issāpakatā ahutvā nisāmentu suṇantūti. Tattha dhammappadīpassāti dhammoyeva
sattasantānesu mohandhakāravidhamanato padīpasadisattā padīpo assāti dhammapadīpo, bhagavā. Tassa
dhammapad īpassa.

Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamavisuddhiṃ dassetvā pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘ buddhen ā’’ tiādimāha. Yatheva
buddhena yo dhammo ca vinayo ca vutto, so tassa buddhassa yehi puttehi dhammasenāpatiādīhi tatheva ñāto, tesaṃ
buddhaputtānaṃ matimaccajantā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyā yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti ayamettha sambandho. Tattha
dhammo ti suttābhidhamme saṅgaṇhāti, vinayo ti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Ettāvatā ca sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ
niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Sakalañhi buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ hoti. Vutto ti pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena
bhagavatā vutto. Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ nāma tantipadaṃ atthi, sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito, tasmā
sammāsambuddheneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamopi bhāsitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitā
pakiṇṇakadesanāyeva hi aṭṭhakathā. Tatheva ñāto ti yatheva buddhena vutto, tatheva ekapadampi ekakkharampi
avināsetvā adhippāyañca avikopetvā ñāto viditoti attho. Tesaṃ matimaccajantāti tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ
apariccajantā. Aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti aṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu. Katthaci ‘‘aṭṭhakathāmakaṃsū’’ti pāṭho dissati, tatthāpi
soyevattho, ma-kāro pana padasandhivasena āgatoti daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathā’’ti bahuvacananiddesena
mahāpaccariyādikaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
Tasmāti yasmā tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ avikopetvā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu, tasmāti attho. Hīti
nipātamattaṃ hetuatthassa ‘‘tasmā’’ti imināyeva pakāsitattā. Yadi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇaṃ, evaṃ sati
tattha pamādalekhāpi pamāṇaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘vajjayitvāna pamādalekha’’ nti. Tattha pamādalekha nti aparabhāge
potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhanavasena pavattaṃ pamādapāṭhaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –pamādena satiṃ
apaccupaṭṭhapetvā adinnādānassa pubbapayoge ‘‘saccepi alikepi dukkaṭa’’nti vuttavacanasadisaṃ yaṃ likhitaṃ, taṃ
vajjayitvā apanetvā sabbaṃ pamāṇanti. Vakkhati hi tattha –
‘‘Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ, taṃ pamādalikhitanti veditabbaṃ. Na hi
adinnādānassa pubbapayoge pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭaṃ nāma atthī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.94).
Kesaṃ pamāṇanti āha ‘‘sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha paṇḍitāna’’ nti. Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Puna ‘‘yasmā’’ti
vacanassa ko sambandhoti ce? Ettha tāva mahāgaṇṭhipade gaṇṭhipade ca na kiñci vuttaṃ, majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana
cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yasmā pamāṇaṃ, tasmā nisāmentu pasannacittā’’ti. Evamassa sambandho daṭṭhabbo.
Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā idha vuttampi pamāṇamevāti pāṭhasesaṃ katvā vajirabuddhitthero vadati.
Tattha idhāti imissā samantapāsādikāyāti attho gahetabbo.
Tattha ‘‘yasmā’’ti vacanassa paṭhamaṃ vuttasambandhavasena aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇanti sādhitattā
idāni vuccamānāpi saṃvaṇṇanā kevalaṃ vacanamatteneva bhinnā, atthato pana aṭṭhakathāyevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘tato ca
bhāsantaramevā’’ tiādimāha. Pacchā vuttasambandhavasena pana idha vuttampi kasmā pamāṇanti ce? Yasmā
vacanamattaṃ ṭhapetvā esāpi aṭṭhakathāyeva, tasmā pamāṇanti dassetuṃ ‘‘tato ca bhāsantaramevā’’ tiādimāha.
Evamākulaṃ dubbiññeyyasabhāvañca katvā gaṇṭhipadesu sambandho dassito, anākulavacano ca
bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo. Na hi so evamākulaṃ katvā vattumarahati, tasmā yathādhippetamatthamanākulaṃ
suviññeyyañca katvā yathāṭhitassa sambandhavaseneva dassayissāma. Kathaṃ? Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ,
tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti evamettha sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yadi nāma aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, ayaṃ pana
idāni vuccamānā kasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti āha ‘‘tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā’’ tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –
yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāpi bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhā, atthato pana
abhinnāva, tatoyeva ca pamāṇabhūtā hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ ādaraṃ katvā anusikkhitabbāti. Tathā hi
porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ pamāṇabhāvo, imissā ca saṃvaṇṇanāya bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhāya atthato tato
abhinnabhāvoti ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi kevalaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ
satipi pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā tato bhinnā atthato aññāyeva ca sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti vattumarahati, nāpi
imissā saṃvaṇṇanāya tatoabhinnabhāvepi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ asati pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā sakkaccaṃ
anusikkhitabbāti vattuṃ yuttarūpā hoti, tasmā yathāvuttanayena ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti
daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Tato ti aṭṭhakathāto. Bhāsantarameva hitvāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā. Vitthāramaggañca
samāsayitvāti porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu upari vuccamānampi ānetvā tattha tattha papañcitaṃ ‘‘ñatticatutthena kammena
akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannoti bhikkhū’’ti (pārā. 45) ettha apalokanādīnaṃ catunnampi kammānaṃ vitthārakathā
viya tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Ettha ca ñatticatutthakammaṃ ekameva āgataṃ, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ṭhatvā cattāri saṅghakammāni
nīharitvā vitthārato kathetabbānīti sabbaaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, tāni ca ‘apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ
ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakamma’nti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetvā vitthārena khandhakato parivārāvasāne
kammavibhaṅgato ca pāḷiṃ āharitvā kathitāni. Tāni mayaṃ parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgeyeva vaṇṇayissāma.
Evañhi sati paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā ca na bhāriyā bhavissati, yathāṭhitāya ca pāḷiyā vaṇṇanā suviññeyyā
bhavissati, tāni ca ṭhānāni asuññāni bhavissanti, tasmā anupadavaṇṇanameva karomā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.45
bhikkhupadabh ājan īyava ṇṇ an ā).

Vinicchaya ṃsabbamasesayitv āti taṃtaṃaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi vinicchayaṃ asesayitvā sesaṃ akatvā,
kiñcimattampi apariccajitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vaṇṇituṃ yuttarūpaṃ hutvā anukkamena āgataṃ pāḷiṃ apariccajitvā
saṃvaṇṇanato sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ayuttaṭṭhāne vaṇṇitaṃ yathāṭhāneyeva saṃvaṇṇanato ca vuttaṃ ‘‘tantikkamaṃ kiñci
avokkamitvā’’ ti, kiñci pāḷikkamaṃ anatikkamitvā anukkameneva vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo.
Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamattha nti suttantapāḷiyaṃ āgatānampi vacanānamatthaṃ. Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu
‘‘suttantikānaṃ bhāro’’ti vatvā avuttānampi verañjakaṇḍādīsu jhānakathāānāpānassatisamaādhiādīnaṃ
suttantavacanānamatthaṃ taṃtaṃsuttānurūpaṃ sabbaso paridīpayissāmīti adhippāyo. Hessatīti bhavissati, kariyissatīti vā
attho. Ettha ca paṭhamasmiṃ atthavikappe bhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ catubbidhaṃ kiccaṃ nipphādetvā suttantikānaṃ
vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā bhavissatīti vaṇṇanāya vasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Pacchimasmiṃ
atthavikappe pana heṭṭhāvuttabhāsantarapariccāgādiṃ katvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā
amhehi kariyissatīti evaṃ ācariyavasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Vaṇṇanāpīti ettha api saddaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tasmāpi
sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti yojetabba’’nti cūḷagaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Tattha pubbe vuttappayojanavisesaṃ pamāṇabhāvañca
sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāpī’’ti sambandho vutto. Ettha pana
na kevalaṃ ayaṃ vaṇṇanā hessati, atha kho anusikkhitabbāpīti imamatthaṃ sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. Etthāpi
yathāṭhitavaseneva apisaddassa attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ
pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ vaṇṇanāpi tato abhinnattā pamāṇabhūtāyeva hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti.
Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Bāhiranidānakathā
Idāni ‘‘taṃ vaṇṇayissaṃ vinaya’’nti paṭiññātattā yathāpaṭiññātavinayasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo
saṃvaravinayapahānavinayādivasena vinayassa bahuvidhattā idha saṃvaṇṇetabbabhāvena adhippeto tāva vinayo
vavatthapetabboti dassento āha ‘‘tatthā’’ tiādi. Tattha tatthāti tāsu gāthāsu. Tāva -saddo paṭhamanti imasmiṃ atthe
daṭṭhabbo. Tena paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ vavatthapetvā pacchā tassa vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmīti dīpeti. Vavatthapetabbo ti
niyametabbo. Tenetaṃ vuccatīti yasmā vavatthapetabbo, tena hetunā etaṃ ‘‘vinayo nāmā’’tiādikaṃ niyāmakavacanaṃ
vuccatīti attho. Assāti vinayassa. Mātikāti uddeso. So hi niddesapadānaṃ jananīṭhāne ṭhitattā mātā viyāti mātikāti vuccati.
Idāni vaṇṇetabbamatthaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā dassento āha ‘‘vuttaṃ yenā’’ tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –etaṃ ‘‘tena
samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī’’tiādinidānavacanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ yena puggalena vuttaṃ,
yasmiṃ kāle vuttaṃ, yasmā kāraṇā vuttaṃ, yena dhāritaṃ, yena ca ābhataṃ, yesu patiṭṭhitaṃ, etaṃ yathāvuttavidhānaṃ
vatvā tato ‘‘tena samayenā’’tiādipāṭhassa atthaṃ anekappakārato dassayanto vinayassa atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmīti. Ettha
ca ‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’tiādinidānavacanamattaṃ apekkhitvā
vattukāmopi visuṃ avatvā ‘‘nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, ‘idamavocā’ti nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇa’’nti ca vacanato
nidānanigamanānipi satthudesanāya anuvidhānattā tadantogadhānevāti nidānassapi vinayapāḷiyaṃyeva antogadhattā
‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā’’ti idampi vinayapiṭakasambandhaṃyeva katvā mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Mātikāya hi ‘‘eta’’nti vuttaṃ
vinayapiṭakaṃyeva sāmaññato sabbattha sambandhamupagacchati.
Idāni pana taṃ visuṃ nīharitvā dassento ‘‘tattha vuttaṃ yenā’’ tiādimāha. Tattha tatthāti tesu mātikāpadesu. Atha
kasmā idameva vacanaṃ sandhāya vuttanti āha ‘‘idañhī’’ tiādi. Ida nti ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’tiādivacanaṃ.
Hi -saddo yasmāti atthe daṭṭhabbo, yasmā buddhassa bhagavato attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hoti, tasmāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotīti attano paccakkhaṃ katvā vuttavacanaṃ na hoti, bhagavatā vuttavacanaṃ na hotīti
adhippāyo. ‘‘Attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotīti āhacca bhāsitaṃ na hotīti adhippāyo’’ti kenaci vuttaṃ. Gaṇṭhipade pana
‘‘attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotīti attano dharamānakāle vuttavacanaṃ na hotī’’ti likhitaṃ. Tadubhayampi atthato
samānameva. Idāni pañhakaraṇaṃ vatvā anukkamena yathāvuttapañhavissajjanaṃ karonto ‘‘āyasmatā’’ tiādimāha. Iminā
puggalaṃ niyameti, ‘‘tañcā’’ tiādinā kālaṃ niyameti. Tañca upālittherena vuttavacanaṃ kālato paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle
vuttanti attho.
Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā
Idāni taṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassetukāmo tassā tantiāruḷhāya idha vacane kāraṇaṃ dassento
‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesā…pe… veditabbā’’ ti āha. Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesāti ca -saddo īdisesu
ṭhānesu vattabbasampiṇḍanattho, tañca paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ, esā ca paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti evaṃ veditabbāti
vuttaṃ hoti. Upaññāsattho vā ca -saddo. Upaññāso ti ca vākyārambho vuccati. Esā hi ganthakārānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ kiñci
vatvā puna paraṃ vattumārabhantānaṃ casaddappayogo. Yaṃ pana kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cāti ettha
ca-saddo atirekattho, tena aññāpi atthīti dīpetī’’ti. Tadeva tassa ganthakkame akovidataṃ dasseti. Na hettha casaddena
atirekattho viññāyati. Yadi cettha etadatthoyeva ca-kāro adhippeto siyā, evaṃ sati na kattabboyeva paṭhamasaddeneva
aññāsaṃ dutiyādisaṅgītīnampi atthibhāvassa dīpitattā. Dutiyādiṃ upādāya hi paṭhamasaddappayogo dīghādiṃ upādāya
rass ādisaddappayogo viya. Yath āpaccaya ṃ tattha tattha desitattā paññattattā ca vippakiṇṇā na ṃ dhammavinay āna ṃ

saṅgahetvā gāyanaṃ kathanaṃ sa ṅgīti . Etena taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānaṃ suttānañca ādipariyosānesu antarantarā ca
sambandhavasena ṭhapitaṃ saṅgītikāravacanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ hoti. Mahāvisayattā pūjanīyattā ca mahatī saṅgīti
mahāsaṅgīti, paṭhamā mahāsaṅgīti paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti . Nidānakosallattha nti nidadāti desanaṃ desakālādivasena
aviditaṃ viditaṃ katvā nidassetīti nidānaṃ, tattha kosallaṃ nidānakosallaṃ, tadatthanti attho.
Sattānaṃ dassanānuttariyasaraṇādipaṭilābhahetubhūtāsu vijjamānāsupi aññāsu bhagavato kiriyāsu ‘‘buddho
bodheyya’’nti paṭiññāya anulomanato veneyyānaṃ maggaphaluppattihetubhūtā kiriyā nippariyāyena buddhakiccanti āha
‘‘dhammacakkappavattanañhi ādiṃ katvā’’ ti. Tattha saddhindriyādidhammoyeva pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti
dhammacakkaṃ. Atha vā cakkanti āṇā, dhammato anapetattā dhammañca taṃ cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammena
ñāyena cakkantipi dhammacakkaṃ. Yathāha –
‘‘Dhammañca pavatteti cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, cakkañca pavatteti dhammañcāti dhammacakkaṃ,
dhammena pavattetīti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammacariyāya pavattetīti dhammacakka’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 2.40).
Katabuddhakicce ti kataṃ pariniṭṭhāpitaṃ buddhakiccaṃ yena, tasmiṃ katabuddhakicce bhagavati lokanātheti
sambandho. Etena buddhakattabbassa kassacipi asesitabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tatoyeva hi so bhagavā parinibbutoti. Nanu ca
sāvakehi vinītāpi vineyyā bhagavatāyeva vinītā honti, tathā hi sāvakabhāsitaṃ suttaṃ buddhavacananti vuccati,
sāvakavineyyā ca na tāva vinītāti? Nāyaṃ doso tesaṃ vinayanūpāyassa sāvakesu ṭhapitattā. Tenevāha –
‘‘Na tāvāhaṃ pāpima parinibbāyissāmi, yāva na bhikkhū viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā āgatāgamā
dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā
sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.168).
‘‘Kusinārāya’’ntiādinā bhagavato parinibbutadesakālavisesadassanaṃ, ‘‘aparinibbuto bhagavā’’ti gāhassa
micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ loke jātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvadassanatthañca. Tathā hi manussabhāvassa supākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ
mahābodhisattā carimabhave dārapariggahādīnipi karontīti. Kusinārāya nti evaṃnāmake nagare. Samīpatthe cetaṃ
bhummavacanaṃ. Upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane ti tassa nagarassa upavattanabhūtaṃ mallarājūnaṃ sālavanuyyānaṃ
dasseti. Tattha nagaraṃ pavisitukāmā uyyānato upecca vattanti gacchanti etenāti upavattananti sālavanaṃ vuccati. Yathā hi
anurādhapurassa thūpārāmo dakkhiṇapacchimadisāyaṃ, evaṃ taṃ uyyānaṃ kusinārāya dakkhiṇapacchimadisāya hoti.
Yathā ca thūpārāmato dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisanamaggo pācīnamukho gantvā uttarena nivattati, evaṃ uyyānato
sālapanti pācīnamukhā gantvā uttarena nivattā, tasmā taṃ ‘‘upavattana’’nti vuccati. Yamakasālānamantare ti
yamakasālānaṃ vemajjhe. Tattha kira bhagavato paññattassa parinibbānamañcassa ekā sālapanti sīsabhāge hoti, ekā
pādabhāge, tatrāpi eko taruṇasālo sīsabhāgassa āsanno hoti, eko pādabhāgassa, tasmā ‘‘yamakasālānamantare’’ti vuttaṃ.
Api ca ‘‘yamakasālā nāma mūlakkhandhaviṭapapattehi aññamaññaṃ saṃsibbetvā ṭhitasālā’’tipi mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ
vuttaṃ.
Anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyāti upādīyate kammakilesehīti upādi, vipākakkhandhā kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ. So pana
upādi kilesābhisaṅkhāramāranimmathanena nibbānappattiyaṃ anossaṭṭho, idha khandhamaccumāranimmathanena ossaṭṭho
nisesitoti ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu natthi etissā upādisesoti katvā. Nibbānadhātūti cettha nibbutimattaṃ
adhippetaṃ, itthambhūtalakkhaṇe cāyaṃ karaṇaniddeso. Parinibbāne ti parinibbānaṭṭhāne, nimittatthe vā
bhummavacanaṃ, parinibbānahetu sannipatitānanti attho. Saṅghassa thero saṅghatthero . So pana saṅgho kiṃparimāṇoti
āha ‘‘sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna’’ nti. Niccasāpekkhattā hi īdisesu samāso hotiyeva yathā ‘‘devadattassa
garukula’’nti. Sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna nti ca saṅghattherānaṃyeva sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ. Tadā hi
‘‘sannipatitā bhikkhū ettakā’’ti pamāṇarahitā. Tathā hi veḷuvagāme vedanāvikkhambhanato paṭṭhāya ‘‘na cirena bhagavā
parinibbāyissatī’’ti sutvā tato tato āgatesu bhikkhūsu ekabhikkhupi pakkanto nāma natthi, tasmā gaṇanaṃ vītivatto saṅgho
ahosi. Āyasmā mahākassapo dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti sambandho.
Tattha mahākassapo ti mahantehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā mahanto kassapoti mahākassapo, apica
kumārakassapattheraṃ upādāya ayaṃ mahāthero ‘‘mahākassapo’’ti vuccati. Atha kimatthaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo
dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti āha ‘‘sattāhaparinibbute’’ tiādi. Satta ahāni samāhaṭāni sattāhaṃ,
sattāhaṃ parinibbutassa assāti sattāhaparinibbuto, bhagavā, tasmiṃ sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati, bhagavato
parinibbānadivasato paṭṭhāya sattāhe vītivatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena vuttavacanaṃ
samanussarantoti sambandho. Tattha subhaddo ti tassa nāmaṃ, vuḍḍhakāle pana pabbajitattā vuḍḍhapabbajito ti vuccati.
‘‘Alaṃ āvuso’’ tiādinā tena vuttavacanaṃ nidasseti. So hi sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati āyasmatā mahākassapattherena
saddhiṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannesu pañcamattesu bhikkhusatesu avītarāge bhikkhū antarāmagge
diṭṭhaājīvakassa santikā bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā pattacīvarāni chaḍḍetvā bāhā paggayha nānappakāraṃ paridevante
disvā evamāha.
Kasmā pana so evamāha? Bhagavati āghātena. Ayaṃ kira so khandhake (mahāva. 303) āgate ātumāvatthusmiṃ
nahāpitapubbako vuḍḍhapabbajito bhagavati kusinārato nikkhamitvā aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ ātumaṃ

gacchante ‘‘ bhagav ā ā gacchat ī’’ ti sutv ā ā gatak āle ‘‘ yāgud āna ṃ kariss ām ī’’ ti s āma ṇerabh ūmiya ṃ ṭ hite dve putte
etadavoca ‘‘bhagavā kira tātā ātumaṃ āgacchati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi, gacchatha
tumhe tātā khurabhaṇḍaṃ ādāya nāḷiyāvāpakena anugharakaṃ anugharakaṃ āhiṇḍatha, loṇampi telampi taṇḍulampi
khādanīyampi saṃharatha, bhagavato āgatassa yāgudānaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Te tathā akaṃsu. Atha bhagavati ātumaṃ āgantvā
bhusāgārakaṃ paviṭṭhe subhaddo sāyanhasamayaṃ gāmadvāraṃ gantvā manusse āmantetvā ‘‘hatthakammamattaṃ me
dethā’’ti hatthakammaṃ yācitvā ‘‘kiṃ bhante karomā’’ti vutte ‘‘idañcidañca gaṇhathā’’ti sabbūpakaraṇāni gāhāpetvā
vihāre uddhanāni kāretvā ekaṃ kāḷakaṃ kāsāvaṃ nivāsetvā tādisameva pārupitvā ‘‘idaṃ karotha, idaṃ karothā’’ti
sabbarattiṃ vicārento satasahassaṃ vissajjetvā bhojjayāguñca madhugoḷakañca paṭiyādāpesi. Bhojjayāgu nāma bhuñjitvā
pātabbayāgu, tattha sappimadhuphāṇitamacchamaṃsapupphaphalarasādi yaṃ kiñci khādanīyaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbaṃ
pavisati, kīḷitukāmānaṃ sīsamakkhanayoggā hoti sugandhagandhā.
Atha bhagavā kālasseva sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto piṇḍāya carituṃ ātumābhimukho pāyāsi.
Manussā tassa ārocesuṃ ‘‘bhagavā piṇḍāya gāmaṃ pavisati, tayā kassa yāgu paṭiyāditā’’ti. So yathānivatthapāruteheva
tehi kāḷakakāsāvehi ekena hatthena dabbiñca kaṭacchuñca gahetvā brahmā viya dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ bhūmiyaṃ
patiṭṭhāpetvā vanditvā ‘‘paṭiggaṇhatu me bhante bhagavā yāgu’’nti āha. Tato ‘‘jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchantī’’ti
khandhake (mahāva. 303) āgatanayena bhagavā pucchitvā ca sutvā ca taṃ vuḍḍhapabbajitaṃ vigarahitvā tasmiṃ
vatthusmiṃ akappiyasamādāpanasikkhāpadaṃ khurabhaṇḍapariharaṇasikkhāpadañcāti dve sikkhāpadāni paññapetvā
‘‘bhikkhave anekakappakoṭiyo bhojanaṃ pariyesanteheva vītināmitā, idaṃ pana tumhākaṃ akappiyaṃ, adhammena
uppannabhojanaṃ imaṃ paribhuñjitvā anekāni attabhāvasahassāni apāyesveva nibbattissanti, apetha mā gaṇhathā’’ti
bhikkhācārābhimukho agamāsi, ekabhikkhunāpi na kiñci gahitaṃ.
Subhaddo anattamano hutvā ‘‘ayaṃ ‘sabbaṃ jānāmī’ti āhiṇḍati, sace na gahetukāmo pesetvā ārocetabbaṃ assa,
pakkāhāro nāma sabbaciraṃ tiṭṭhanto sattāhamattaṃ tiṭṭheyya, idañca mama yāvajīvaṃ pariyattaṃ assa, sabbaṃ tena
nāsitaṃ, ahitakāmo ayaṃ mayha’’nti bhagavati āghātaṃ bandhitvā dasabale dharamāne kiñci vattuṃ nāsakkhi. Evaṃ
kirassa ahosi ‘‘ayaṃ uccakulā pabbajito mahāpuriso, sace kiñci vakkhāmi, mamaṃyeva santajjessatī’’ti. Svāyaṃ ajja
mahākassapattherena saddhiṃ āgacchanto ‘‘parinibbuto bhagavā’’ti sutvā laddhassāso viya haṭṭhatuṭṭho evamāha. Thero
pana taṃ sutvā hadaye pahāraṃ viya matthake patitasukkāsaniṃ viya maññi, dhammasaṃvego cassa uppajji
‘‘sattāhamattaparinibbuto bhagavā, ajjāpissa suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ dharatiyeva, dukkhena bhagavatā ārādhitasāsane
nāma evaṃ lahuṃ mahantaṃ pāpakasaṭaṃ kaṇṭako uppanno, alaṃ kho panesa pāpo vaḍḍhamāno aññepi evarūpe sahāye
labhitvā sāsanaṃ osakkāpetu’’nti.
Tato thero cintesi ‘‘sace kho panāhaṃ imaṃ mahallakaṃ idheva pilotikaṃ nivāsetvā chārikāya okirāpetvā
nīharāpessāmi, manussā ‘samaṇassa gotamassa sarīre dharamāneyeva sāvakā vivadantī’ti amhākaṃ dosaṃ dassessanti,
adhivāsemi tāva. Bhagavatā hi desitadhammo asaṅgahitapuppharāsisadiso, tattha yathā vātena pahaṭapupphāni yato vā tato
vā gacchanti, evameva evarūpānaṃ vasena gacchante gacchante kāle vinaye ekaṃ dve sikkhāpadāni nassissanti
vinassissanti, sutte eko dve pañhavārā nassissanti, abhidhamme ekaṃ dve bhūmantarāni nassissanti, evaṃ anukkamena
mūle naṭṭhe pisācasadisā bhavissāma, tasmā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karissāmi, evaṃ sati daḷhasuttena saṅgahitapupphāni
viya ayaṃ dhammavinayo niccalo bhavissati. Etadatthañhi bhagavā mayhaṃ tīṇi gāvutāni paccuggamanaṃ akāsi, tīhi
ovādehi upasampadaṃ akāsi, kāyato cīvaraparivattanaṃ akāsi, ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā candopamapaṭipadaṃ kathento
maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā kathesi, tikkhattuṃ sakalasāsanaratanaṃ paṭicchāpesi, mādise bhikkhumhi tiṭṭhamāne ayaṃ pāpo
sāsane vaḍḍhiṃ mā alatthu, yāva adhammo na dippati, dhammo na paṭibāhīyati, avinayo na dippati, vinayo na paṭibāhīyati,
adhammavādino na balavanto honti, dhammavādino na dubbalā honti, avinayavādino na balavanto honti, vinayavādino na
dubbalā honti, tāva dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmi, tato bhikkhū attano attano pahonakaṃ gahetvā kappiyākappiye
kathessanti, athāyaṃ pāpo sayameva niggahaṃ pāpuṇissati, puna sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkhissati, sāsanaṃ iddhañceva
phītañca bhavissatī’’ti. Cintetvā so ‘‘evaṃ nāma mayhaṃ cittaṃ uppanna’’nti kassaci anārocetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ
samassāsetvā atha pacchā dhātubhājanadivase dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesi. Tena vuttaṃ
‘‘āyasmā mahākassapo sattāhaparinibbute…pe… dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti.
Tattha ala nti paṭikkhepavacanaṃ. Āvuso ti paridevante bhikkhū ālapati. Mā socitthāti citte uppannabalavasokena mā
socittha. Mā paridevitthāti vācāya mā paridevittha ‘‘paridevanaṃ vilāpo’’ti vacanato. Idāni asocanādīsu kāraṇaṃ
dassento ‘‘sumuttā maya’’ ntiādimāha. Tena mahāsamaṇenāti nissakke karaṇavacanaṃ, tato mahāsamaṇato suṭṭhu muttā
mayanti attho, upaddutā ca homa tadāti adhippāyo. Homāti vā atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ, ahumhāti attho, anussaranto
dhammasaṃvegavasenāti adhippāyo. Dhammasabhāvacintāvasena pavattaṃ sahottappañāṇaṃ dhammasaṃvego.
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Sabbasaṅkhatadhammesu, ottappākārasaṇṭhitaṃ;
Ñāṇamohitabhārānaṃ, dhammasaṃvegasaññita’’nti.
Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjatīti tiṭṭhati ettha phalaṃ tadāyattavuttitāyāti ṭhānaṃ, hetu. Kho ti avadhāraṇe, etaṃ
kāraṇaṃ vijjateva, no na vijjatīti attho. Kiṃ taṃ kāraṇanti āha ‘‘yaṃ pāpabhikkhū’’ tiādi. Ettha ya nti nipātamattaṃ,

kāraṇaniddeso vā, yena kāraṇena antaradhāpeyyuṃ, tadetaṃ kāraṇaṃ vijjatīti attho. Pāpabhikkh ūti pāpikāya
lāmikāya icchāya samannāgatā bhikkhū. Atīto atikkanto satthā ettha, etassāti vā atītasatthukaṃ,pāvacanaṃ. Padhānaṃ
vacanaṃ pāvacanaṃ,dhammavinayanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pakkhaṃ labhitvāti alajjīpakkhaṃ labhitvā. Na cirassevāti na
cireneva. Yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhatīti yattakaṃ kālaṃ dhammo ca vinayo ca lajjīpuggalesu tiṭṭhati.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatāti parinibbānamañcake nipannena bhagavatā bhikkhū ovadantena etaṃ vuttanti attho. Desito
paññatto ti dhammopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Suttābhidhammasaṅgahitassa hi dhammassa abhisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ
desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ vineyyasantāne ṭhapanaṃ paññāpanaṃ, tasmā dhammopi desito ceva paññatto cāti
vutto. Paññatto ti ca ṭhapitoti attho. Vinayopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Vinayatantisaṅgahitassa hi atthassa kāyavācānaṃ
vinayanato vinayoti laddhādhivacanassa atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ asaṅkarato ṭhapanaṃ
paññāpanaṃ, tasmā vinayopi desito ceva paññatto cāti vuccati.
So vo mamaccayenāti so dhammavinayo tumhākaṃ mamaccayena satthā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mayā vo ṭhiteneva
‘‘idaṃ lahukaṃ, idaṃ garukaṃ, idaṃ satekicchaṃ, idaṃ atekicchaṃ, idaṃ lokavajjaṃ, idaṃ paṇṇattivajjaṃ. Ayaṃ āpatti
puggalassa santike vuṭṭhāti, ayaṃ gaṇassa, ayaṃ saṅghassa santike vuṭṭhātī’’ti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ
avītikkamanīyatāvasena otiṇṇavatthusmiṃ sakhandhakaparivāro ubhatovibhaṅgo mahāvinayo nāma desito, taṃ sakalampi
vinayapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati ‘‘idaṃ vo kattabbaṃ, idaṃ vo na kattabba’’nti
kattabbākattabbassa vibhāgena anusāsanato. Ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro
iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgāni, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti tena tena vineyyānaṃ
ajjhāsayānurūpena pakārena ime sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhamme vibhajitvā suttantapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi
suttantapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati taṃtaṃcariyānurūpaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyā
anusāsanato. Ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘pañcakkhandhā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni,
nava hetū, cattāro āhārā, satta phassā, satta vedanā, satta saññā, satta cetanā, satta cittāni, tatrāpi ettakā dhammā
kāmāvacarā, ettakā rūpāvacarā, ettakā arūpāvacarā, ettakā pariyāpannā, ettakā apariyāpannā, ettakā lokiyā, ettakā
lokuttarā’’ti ime dhamme vibhajitvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi abhidhammapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute
tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati, khandhādivibhāgena ñāyamānaṃ catusaccasambodhāvahattā satthārā
sammāsambuddhena kattabbakiccaṃ nipphādessati. Iti sabbampetaṃ abhisambodhito yāva parinibbānā pañcacattālīsa
vassāni bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ, tīṇi piṭakāni, pañca nikāyā, navaṅgāni, caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti evaṃ
mahappabhedaṃ hoti. Iti imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni tiṭṭhanti, ahaṃ ekova parinibbāyāmi, ahañca
panidāni ekova ovadāmi anusāsāmi, mayi parinibbute imāni caturāsīti buddhasahassāni tumhe ovadissanti anusāsissanti
ovādānusāsanīkiccassa nipphādanatoti.
Sāsana nti pariyattipaṭipattipaṭivedhavasena tividhaṃ sāsanaṃ, nippariyāyato pana sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhammā.
Addhaniya nti addhānamaggagāmīti addhaniyaṃ, addhānakkhamanti attho. Ciraṭṭhitika nti ciraṃ ṭhiti etassāti
ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, sāsanaṃ, assa bhaveyyāti sambandho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā yena pakārena idaṃ sāsanaṃ
dīghamaddhānaṃ pavattituṃ samatthaṃ, tatoyeva ciraṭṭhitikaṃ assa, tathā tena pakārena dhammañca vinayañca
saṅgāyeyyanti.
Idāni sammāsambuddhena attano kataṃ anuggahavisesaṃ vibhāvento āha ‘‘yañcāhaṃ bhagavatā’’ tiādi. Tattha
‘‘yañcāha’’nti etassa ‘‘anuggahito’’ti etena sambandho. Tattha ya nti yasmā, yena kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ, tena ‘‘anuggahito’’ti ettha anuggaṇhanaṃ parāmasati. Dhāressasītiādikaṃ pana bhagavā
aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle mahākassapattherena paññattasaṅghāṭiyaṃ nisinno taṃ cīvaraṃ vikasitapadumapupphavaṇṇena
pāṇinā antare parāmasanto āha. Vuttañhetaṃ kassapasaṃyutte (saṃ. ni. 2.154) mahākassapatthereneva ānandattheraṃ
āmantetvā kathentena –
‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami, atha khvāhaṃ,
āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññāpetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā
nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho maṃ,
āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ kassapa paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante,
bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ kassapa sāṇāni
paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. So khvāhaṃ,
āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ, ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni
paṭipajji’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).
Tattha (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) mudukā kho tyāya nti mudukā kho te ayaṃ. Kasmā bhagavā evamāhāti? Therena
saha cīvaraṃ parivattetukāmatāya. Kasmā parivattetukāmo jātoti? Theraṃ attano ṭhāne ṭhapetukāmatāya. Kiṃ
sāriputtamoggallānā natthīti? Atthi, evaṃ panassa ahosi ‘‘ime na ciraṃ ṭhassanti, kassapo pana vīsavassasatāyuko, ‘so
mayi parinibbute sattapaṇṇiguhāyaṃ vasitvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ katvā mama sāsanaṃ pañcavassasahassaparimāṇaṃ
kālaṃ pavattanakaṃ karissatī’ti attano naṃ ṭhāne ṭhapemi, evaṃ bhikkhū kassapassa sussūsitabbaṃ maññissantī’’ti, tasmā
evam āha. Thero pana yasm ā cīvarassa vā pattassa v ā va ṇṇ e kathite ‘‘ ima ṃ tumh āka ṃ ga ṇhath ā’’ ti c ārittameva, tasm ā

‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu me bhante bhagavā’’ti āha. Dh āressasi pana me tva ṃ kassap āti kassapa tvaṃ imāni
paribhogajiṇṇāni paṃsukūlāni pārupituṃ sakkhissasīti vadati. Tañca kho na kāyabalaṃ sandhāya, paṭipattipūraṇaṃ pana
sandhāya evamāha. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – ahaṃ imaṃ cīvaraṃ puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ pārupitvā āmakasusāne chaḍḍitaṃ
tumbamattehi pāṇakehi samparikiṇṇaṃ te pāṇake vidhunitvā mahāariyavaṃse ṭhatvā aggahesiṃ, tassa me imaṃ cīvaraṃ
gahitadivase dasasahassacakkavāḷe mahāpathavī mahāravaṃ viravamānā kampittha, ākāsaṃ taṭataṭāyi, cakkavāḷadevatā
sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu ‘‘imaṃ cīvaraṃ gaṇhantena bhikkhunā jātipaṃsukūlikena jātiāraññikena jātiekāsanikena
jātisapadānacārikena bhavituṃ vaṭṭati, tvaṃ imassa cīvarassa anucchavikaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissasī’’ti. Theropi attanā
pañcannaṃ hatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti. So taṃ atakkayitvā ‘‘ahametaṃ paṭipattiṃ pūressāmī’’ti ussāhena sugatacīvarassa
anucchavikaṃ kātukāmo ‘‘dhāressāmahaṃ bhante’’ti āha. Paṭipajji nti paṭipannosiṃ. Evaṃ pana cīvaraparivattanaṃ katvā
therena pārutacīvaraṃ bhagavā pārupi, satthu cīvaraṃ thero. Tasmiṃ samaye mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā
unnadantī kampittha.
Sāṇāni paṃsukūlānīti matakaḷevaraṃ pariveṭhetvā chaḍḍitāni tumbamatte kimī papphoṭetvā gahitāni
sāṇavākamayāni paṃsukūlacīvarāni. Rathikasusānasaṅkārakūṭādīnaṃ yattha katthaci paṃsūnaṃ upari ṭhitattā
abbhuggataṭṭhena tesu paṃsukūlamivāti paṃsukūlaṃ. Atha vā paṃsu viya kucchitabhāvaṃ ulati gacchatīti paṃsukūlanti
paṃsukūlasaddassa attho daṭṭhabbo. Nibbasanānīti niṭṭhitavasanakiccāni, paribhogajiṇṇānīti attho. Ettha ‘‘kiñcāpi
ekameva taṃ cīvaraṃ, anekāvayavattā pana bahuvacanaṃ kata’’nti majjhimagaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Cīvare
sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti ettha attanā sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti viññāyamānattā viññāyamānatthassa ca-saddassa payoge
kāmācārattā ‘‘attanā’’ti na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlānī’’ti hi vuttattā attanāva
sādhāraṇaparibhogo viññāyati, nāññena. Na hi kevalaṃ saddatoyeva sabbattha atthanicchayo bhavissati
atthapakaraṇādināpi yebhuyyena atthassa niyametabbattā. Ācariyadhammapālattherena panettha idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘cīvare
sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti ettha attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenāti idha attanāsaddaṃ ānetvā cīvare attanā
sādhāraṇaparibhogenā’’ti yojetabbaṃ.
‘‘Yassa yena hi sambandho, dūraṭṭhampi ca tassa taṃ;
Atthato hyasamānānaṃ, āsannattamakāraṇa’’nti.
Atha vā bhagavatā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena bhagavatā anuggahitoti yojanīyaṃ ekassapi karaṇaniddesassa
sahayogakattutthajotakattasambhavatoti. Sabbattha ‘‘ācariyadhammapālattherenā’’ ti vutte suttantaṭīkākārenāti
gahetabbaṃ. Samānaṃ dhāraṇametassāti sādhāraṇo, paribhogo. Sādhāraṇaparibhogena ceva samasamaṭṭhapanena ca
anuggahitoti sambandho.
Idāni (saṃ. ni. 2.152) –
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ
vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati vivicceva
kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja
viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso
ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi,
bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca
kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja
viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ
upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva
somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja
viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva…pe…
catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā
nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave,
yāvade ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkama ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti
viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ
samatikkamma…pe… viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘ Aha ṃ , bhikkhave, y āvade āka ṅkh āmi sabbaso viññ āṇ añc āyatana ṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñc ī’ti
ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ
upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ
upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja
viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma
saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi, ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi,
bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi, āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchāmi
seyyathāpi ākāse, pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi seyyathāpi udake, udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi
seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ, ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo, imepi candimasūriye
evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi.
Kassapopi bhikkhave yāvade ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena
vasaṃ vatteti.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde
suṇāmi dibbe ca mānuse ca ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…
pe… ye dūre santike ca.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi, sarāgaṃ
vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe…
vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe…
vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ…
pe… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ…
pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ
parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti, sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā
cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāti.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ
dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi
jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi
vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro
evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ, tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo
evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti.
Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati
anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ
pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi
cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi ‘ime vata
bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ
upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ
vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā
manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa
bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena
satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte
pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte
passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā
sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ
diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.152) –
Evaṃ navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanatthāya bhagavatā vuttaṃ
kassapasaṃyutte āgataṃ pāḷimimaṃ peyyālamukhena ādiggahaṇena ca saṅkhipitvā dassento āha ‘‘ahaṃ
bhikkhave ’’ ti ādi.

Tattha yāvade āka ṅkh āmīti yāvadeva icchāmīti attho. Tatoyeva hi majjhimaga ṇṭ hipade c ūḷ aga ṇṭ hipade ca
‘‘yāvadeti yāvadevāti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti likhitaṃ. Saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāyampi ‘‘yāvade ākaṅkhāmīti yāvadeva
icchāmī’’ti attho vutto. Tathā hi tattha līnatthapakāsaniyaṃ ācariyadhammapālatthereneva vuttaṃ ‘‘yāvadevāti iminā
samānatthaṃ yāvadeti idaṃ pada’’nti. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘yāvadevā’’ti ayameva pāṭho dissati. Yāni pana ito paraṃ
‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinā nayena cattāri rūpāvacarakiriyajhānāni, ‘‘sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā’’tiādinā nayena
catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, ‘‘sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodha’’ntiādinā nayena
nirodhasamāpatti, ‘‘anekavihitaṃ iddhividha’’ntiādinā nayena abhiññā ca vuttā. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ
anupadavaṇṇanāya ceva bhāvanāvidhānena ca saddhiṃ visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.69-70) sabbaso vitthāritaṃ. Idhāpi ca
verañjakaṇḍe cattāri rūpāvacarajhānāni tisso ca vijjā āvi bhavissanti, tasmā tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ tattheva
vaṇṇayissāma.
Navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede ti ettha navānupubbavihārānāma anupaṭipāṭiyā samāpajjitabbabhāvato
evaṃsaññitā nirodhasamāpattiyā saha aṭṭha samāpattiyo. Chaḷabhiññānāma āsavakkhayañāṇena saddhiṃ
pañcābhiññāyoti evaṃ lokiyalokuttarabhedā sabbā abhiññāyo. Uttarimanussadhamme ti uttarimanussānaṃ jhāyīnañceva
ariyānañca dhammo uttarimanussadhammo. Atha vā uttari manussadhammāti uttarimanussadhammo, manussadhammo
nāma dasakusalakammapathadhammo. So hi vinā bhāvanāmanasikārena pakatiyāva manussehi nibbattetabbato
manussattabhāvāvahato vā ‘‘manussadhammo’’ti vuccati, tato uttari pana jhānādīni ‘‘uttarimanussadhammo’’ti
veditabbāni. Attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenāti ahaṃ yattakaṃ kālaṃ yattake vā samāpattivihāre abhiññāyo ca vaḷañjemi,
tathā kassapopīti evaṃ yathāvuttauttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṃ katvā ṭhapanena. Idañca
navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññādibhāvasāmaññena pasaṃsāmattaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi āyasmā mahākassapo
bhagavā viya devasikaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā samāpattiyo samāpajjati, yamakapāṭihāriyādivasena vā abhiññāyo
vaḷañjeti. Ettha ca ‘‘uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi –
‘‘Ovada kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū
ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.149).
Evampi attanā samasamaṭṭhāne ṭhapetiyeva, tassa kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati aññatra dhammavinayasaṅgāyanāti
adhippāyo. Tattha ‘‘tassāti tassa anuggahassā’’ti majjhimagaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Tassa meti vā attho gahetabbo. Potthakesu
hi katthaci ‘‘tassa me’’ti pāṭhoyeva dissati, dhammavinayasaṅgāyanaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ kiṃ nāma tassa me āṇaṇyaṃ
aṇaṇabhāvo bhavissatīti attho. ‘‘Nanu maṃ bhagavā’’ tiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ upamāvasena vibhāveti.
Sakakavacaissariyānuppadānenāti ettha cīvarassa nidassanavasena kavacassa gahaṇaṃ kataṃ, samāpattiyā
nidassanavasena issariyaṃ gahitaṃ. Kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpaka nti kulavaṃsassa kulappaveṇiyā patiṭṭhāpakaṃ. ‘‘Me
saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako’’ti niccasāpekkhattā samāso daṭṭhabbo, me saddhammavaṃsassa patiṭṭhāpako pavattakoti
vuttaṃ hoti. Vuttavacanamanussaranto anuggahesīti cintayanto dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ
janes īti sambandho, dhātubhājanadivase tattha sannipatitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti attho.
Idāni yathāvuttamatthaṃ pāḷiyā vibhāvento āha ‘‘yathāhā’’ tiādi. Tattha ekamidāha nti ettha ida nti nipātamattaṃ.
Ekaṃ samaya nti ca bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ, ekasmiṃ samayeti vuttaṃ hoti. Pāvāyāti pāvānagarato, tattha piṇḍāya
caritvā kusināraṃ gamissāmīti addhānamaggappaṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. Addhānamaggo ti ca dīghamaggo vuccati.
Dīghapariyāyo hettha addhānasaddo. Mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhi nti guṇamahattenapi saṅkhyāmahattenapi mahatā.
Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghena bhikkhusaṅghena, samaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ ekatoti attho. ‘‘Pañcamattehī’’ tiādinā
saṅkhyāmahattaṃ vibhāveti. Matta -saddo cettha pamāṇavacano ‘‘bhojane mattaññutā’’tiādīsu viya. Sabbaṃ
subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabba nti sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ idha ānetvā vitthārato dassetabbanti adhippāyo.
‘‘Tato paranti tato bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananato para’’nti ācariyadhammapālattherena vuttaṃ. Mahāgaṇṭhipade
pana ‘‘tato paranti subhaddakaṇḍato para’’nti vuttaṃ. Idamevettha sārato paccetabbanti no takko. Ayameva hi
ussāhajananappakāro, yadidaṃ ‘‘handa mayaṃ, āvuso, dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo
dippatī’’tiādi, tasmā ussāhajananato paranti na vattabbaṃ heṭṭhā ussāhajananappakārassa pāḷiyaṃ avuttattā. Ayañhettha
pāḷikkamo –
‘‘Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhikkhū āmantesi, ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samayaṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ
addhānamaggappaṭipanno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso,
maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdiṃ.
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena aññataro ājīvako kusinārāya mandāravapupphaṃ gahetvā pāvaṃ
addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, āvuso, taṃ ājīvakaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna taṃ
ājīvakaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘apāvuso, amhākaṃ satthāraṃ jānāsī’ti? ‘Āma, āvuso, jānāmi. Ajja sattāhaparinibbuto
samaṇo gotamo, tato me idaṃ mandāravapupphaṃ gahitanti. Tatrāvuso, ye te bhikkhū avītarāgā, appekacce bāhā
paggayha kandanti, chinnapātaṃ papatanti āvaṭṭanti vivaṭṭanti, ‘atikhippaṃ bhagavā parinibbuto, atikhippaṃ sugato
parinibbuto, atikhippa ṃ cakkhu ṃ loke antarahita ’nti. Ye pana te bhikkh ū vītar āgā, te sat ā sampaj ānā adhiv āsenti

‘anicc ā sa ṅkh ārā, ta ṃ kutettha labbh ā’’’ ti.
‘‘Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, te bhikkhū etadavocaṃ – ‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha mā paridevittha, nanvetaṃ, āvuso,
bhagavatā paṭikacceva akkhātaṃ ‘sabbeheva piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo aññathābhāvo. Taṃ kutettha,
āvuso, labbhā, yaṃ taṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ palokadhammaṃ, taṃ vata mā palujjī’ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti.
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena, āvuso, subhaddo nāma vuḍḍhapabbajito tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho
āvuso subhaddo vuḍḍhapabbajito te bhikkhū etadavoca ‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha mā paridevittha, sumuttā mayaṃ
tena mahāsamaṇena, upaddutā ca mayaṃ homa’ ‘idaṃ vo kappati, idaṃ vo na kappatī’ti, ‘idāni pana mayaṃ yaṃ
icchissāma, taṃ karissāma, yaṃ na icchissāma, na taṃ karissāmā’ti. Handa mayaṃ āvuso dhammañca vinayañca
saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhīyati, avinayo pure dippati, vinayo paṭibāhīyati, pure
adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti, pure avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino
dubbalā hontī’’ti.
‘‘‘Tena hi, bhante, thero bhikkhū uccinatū’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo ekenūnapañcaarahantasatāni
uccini. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘ayaṃ, bhante, āyasmā ānando kiñcāpi sekkho, abhabbo
chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ, bahu cānena bhagavato santike dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto. Tena hi,
bhante, thero āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinatū’’’tiādi (cūḷava. 437).
Tasmā tato para nti ettha subhaddakaṇḍato paranti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato
veditabba’’nti hi iminā ‘‘yaṃ na icchissāma, na taṃ karissāmā’’ti etaṃ pariyantaṃ subhaddakaṇḍapāḷiṃ dassetvā idāni
avasesaṃ ussāhajananappakārappavattaṃ pāḷimeva dassento ‘‘handa mayaṃ āvuso’’ tiādimāha.
Tattha pure adhammo dippatīti ettha adhammo nāma dasakusalakammapathadhammapaṭipakkhabhūto adhammo.
Pure dippatīti api nāma dippati. Atha vā yāva adhammo dhammaṃ paṭibāhituṃ samattho hoti, tato puretaramevāti attho.
Āsanne hi anāgate ayaṃ puresaddo. Dippatīti dippissati. Pure-saddayogena hi anāgatatthe ayaṃ vattamānapayogo yathā
‘‘purā vassati devo’’ti. Keci panettha evaṃ vaṇṇayanti ‘‘pureti pacchā anāgate yathā addhānaṃ gacchantassa
gantabbamaggo ‘pure’ti vuccati, tathā idha daṭṭhabba’’nti. Avinayo ti pahānavinayasaṃvaravinayānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūto
avinayo. ‘‘Vinayavādino dubbalā hontī’’ti evaṃ iti-saddopi ettha daṭṭhabbo, ‘‘tato paraṃ āhā’’ti iminā sambandho.
Potthakesu pana katthaci iti-saddo na dissati, pāḷiyaṃ pana dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyañca attheva iti-saddo.
Tena hīti uyyojanatthe nipāto. Uccinane uyyojentā hi taṃ mahākassapattheraṃ evamāhaṃsu. Bhikkhū uccinatūti
saṅgītiyā anurūpe bhikkhū uccinitvā gaṇhātūti attho. ‘‘Sakalanavaṅga…pe… pariggahesī’’ti etena
sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavapariyantānaṃ yathāvuttapuggalānaṃ satipi āgamādhigamasabbhāve saha paṭisambhidāhi
tevijjādiguṇayuttānaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiyā ukkaṃsagatattā saṅgītiyā bahūpakārataṃ dasseti. Tattha
sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidhare ti sakalaṃ suttageyyādi navaṅgaṃ ettha, etassa vā atthīti sakalanavaṅgaṃ,
satthusāsanaṃ. Atthakāmena pariyāpuṇitabbato diṭṭhadhammikādipurisattapariyattabhāvato ca pariyattīti tīṇi piṭakāni
vuccanti, taṃ sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanasaṅkhātaṃ pariyattiṃ dhārentīti sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidharā, tādiseti
attho. Bahūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā ca avihatattā tā janenti, tāhi vā janitāti puthujjanā. Duvidhā
puthujjanā andhaputhujjanā kalyāṇaputhujjanāti. Tattha yesaṃ khandhadhātuāyatanādīsu
uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇapaccavekkhaṇāni natthi, te andhaputhujjanā. Yesaṃ tāni atthi, te kalyāṇaputhujjanā. Te
idha ‘‘puthujjanā’’ti adhippetā. Samathabhāvanāsinehābhāvena sukkhā lūkhā asiniddhā vipassanā etesanti
sukkhavipassakā.
Tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadhare ti tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ samāhāro tipiṭakaṃ, tipiṭakasaṅkhātaṃ
navaṅgādivasena anekadhā bhinnaṃ sabbapariyattippabhedaṃ dhārentīti tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadharā, tādiseti
attho. Anu anu taṃsamaṅgīnaṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti anubhāvo, anubhāvo eva ānubhāvo, pabhāvo. Mahanto ānubhāvo yesaṃ
te mahānubhāvā. Tevijjādibhede ti tisso vijjāyeva tevijjā, tā ādi yesaṃ chaḷabhiññādīnaṃ te tevijjādayo, te bhedā
anekappakārā bhinnā etesanti tevijjādibhedā, khīṇāsavā, tādiseti attho. Atha vā tisso vijjā etassa atthīti tevijjo, so ādi yesaṃ
chaḷabhiññādīnaṃ te tevijjādayo, te bhedā yesaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ te tevijjādibhedā, tādiseti attho. Ye sandhāya idaṃ
vutta nti ye bhikkhū sandhāya idaṃ ‘‘atha kho āyasmā’’tiādivacanaṃ saṅgītikkhandhake (cūḷava. 437) vuttanti attho.
Kissa panāti kasmā pana. Sikkhatīti sekkho, atha vā sikkhanaṃ sikkhā, sāyeva tassa sīlanti sekkho. So hi
apariyositasikkhattā ca tadadhimuttattā ca ekantena sikkhanasīlo na asekkho viya pariniṭṭhitasikkho tattha
paṭipassaddhussāho, nāpi vissaṭṭhasikkho pacurajano viya tattha anadhimutto. Atha vā ariyāya jātiyā tīsu sikkhāsu jāto,
tattha vā bhavoti sekkho. Atha vā ikkhati etāyāti ikkhā, maggaphalasammādiṭṭhi. Saha ikkhāyāti sekkho.
Uparimaggattayakiccassa apariyositattā saha karaṇīyenāti sakaraṇīyo . Assāti anena. Asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma
natthīti nanu ca –
‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;

Catur āsīti sahass āni, ye me dhamm ā pavattino ’’ ti. (therag ā. 1027) –
Vuttattā kathametaṃ yujjatīti? Dve sahassāni bhikkhutoti vuttampi bhagavato santike paṭiggahitamevāti katvā vuttanti
nāyaṃ virodho. Bahukārattāti bahuupakārattā. Upakāravacano hettha kārasaddo. Assāti bhaveyya.
Ativiya vissattho ti ativiya vissāsiko. Na nti ānandattheraṃ, ‘‘ovadatī’’ti iminā sambandho. Ānandattherassa
yebhuyyena navakāya parisāya vibbhamanena mahākassapatthero evamāha ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ ti.
Tathā hi parinibbute satthari mahākassapatthero satthuparinibbāne sannipatitassa bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisīditvā
dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ pañcasate bhikkhū uccinitvā ‘‘āvuso, rājagahe vassaṃ vasantā dhammavinayaṃ
saṅgāyeyyāma, tumhe pure vassūpanāyikāya attano attano palibodhaṃ pacchinditvā rājagahe sannipatathā’’ti vatvā attanā
rājagahaṃ gato. Ānandattheropi bhagavato pattacīvaramādāya mahājanaṃ saññāpento sāvatthiṃ gantvā tato nikkhamma
rājagahaṃ gacchanto dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ cari. Tasmiṃ samaye ānandattherassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārikā
yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā ekavassikaduvassikabhikkhū ceva anupasampannā ca vibbhamiṃsu. Kasmā panete pabbajitā,
kasmā vibbhamiṃsūti? Tesaṃ kira mātāpitaro cintesuṃ ‘‘ānandatthero satthuvissāsiko aṭṭha vare yācitvā upaṭṭhahati,
icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ satthāraṃ gahetvā gantuṃ sakkoti, amhākaṃ dārake etassa santike pabbājessāma, so satthāraṃ
gahetvā āgamissati, tasmiṃ āgate mayaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ kātuṃ labhissāmā’’ti iminā tāva kāraṇena nesaṃ ñātakā te
pabbājesuṃ. Satthari pana parinibbute tesaṃ sā patthanā upacchinnā, atha ne ekadivaseneva uppabbājesuṃ.
Atha ānandattheraṃ dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ caritvā rājagahamāgataṃ disvā mahākassapatthero evamāha ‘‘na
vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti. Vuttañhetaṃ kassapasaṃyutte –
‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi
jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi, olujjati
kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti.
‘‘Api me bhante kassapa sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni, atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa
kumārakavādā na muccāmāti. Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi
bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ
maññe carasi, olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako
mattamaññāsī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).
Tattha (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) sassaghātaṃ maññecarasīti sassaṃ ghātento viya āhiṇḍasi. Kulūpaghātaṃ maññe
carasīti kulāni upaghātento viya hananto viya āhananto viya āhiṇḍasi. Olujjatīti palujjati bhijjati. Palujjanti kho te āvuso
navappāyāti, āvuso, evaṃ ete tuyhaṃ pāyena yebhuyyena navakā ekavassikaduvassikadaharā ceva sāmaṇerā ca palujjanti.
Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata jānātīti theraṃ tajjento āha.
Kumārakavādā na muccāmāti kumārakavādato na muccāma. Tathā hi pana tva nti idamassa evaṃ vattabbatāya
kāraṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yasmā tvaṃ imehi navakehi bhikkhūhi indriyasaṃvararahitehi
saddhiṃ vicarasi, tasmā kumārakehi saddhiṃ caranto ‘‘kumārako’’ti vattabbataṃ arahasīti.
‘‘Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti ettha vā-saddo padapūraṇe. Vā-saddo hi
upamānasamuccayasaṃsayavavassaggapadapūraṇavikappādīsu bahūsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘paṇḍito vāpi tena
so’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 63) upamāne dissati, sadisabhāveti attho. ‘‘Taṃ vāpi dhīrā muni vedayantī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 213)
samuccaye. ‘‘Ke vā ime kassa vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 296) saṃsaye. ‘‘Ayaṃ vā imesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sabbabālo
sabbamūḷho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.181) vavassagge. ‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.170;
saṃ. ni. 2.13) vikappeti. Idha pana padapūraṇe daṭṭhabbo. Teneva ca ācariyadhammapālattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘vāsaddassa
atthuddhāraṃ karontena ‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.154) padapūraṇe’’ti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi
(saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) ettakameva vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata
jānātīti theraṃ tajjento āhā’’ti. Etthāpi vatāti vacanasiliṭṭhatāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyanti ettha
vāti vibhāsā, aññāsipi na aññāsipīti attho’’ti. Taṃ tassa matimattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hettha ayamattho sambhavati, tasmā
attano pamāṇaṃ nāññāsīti evamattho veditabbo. Tatrāti evaṃ sati. Chandāgamanaṃ viyāti ettha chandā āgamanaṃ
viyāti padacchedo kātabbo, chandena āgamanaṃ pavattanaṃ viyāti attho, chandena akattabbakaraṇaṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Chandaṃ vā āgacchati sampayogavasenāti chandāgamanaṃ, tathā pavatto apāyagamanīyo akusalacittuppādo. Atha vā
ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ agamanaṃ, chandena agamanaṃ chandāgamanaṃ, chandena sinehena ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ
pavattanaṃ akattabbakaraṇaṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Asekkhapaṭisambhidāppatte ti asekkhabhūtā paṭisambhidā
asekkhapaṭisambhidā, taṃ patte, paṭiladdhaasekkhapaṭisambhideti attho. Anumatiyāti anuññāya, yācanāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
‘‘Kiñcāpi sekkho’’ti idaṃ na sekkhānaṃ agatigamanasabbhāvena vuttaṃ, asekkhānaṃyeva pana uccinitattāti
daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paṭhamamaggeneva hi cattāri agatigamanāni pahīyanti, tasmā kiñcāpi sekkho, tathāpi thero āyasmantampi
ānandaṃ uccinatūti evamettha sambandho veditabbo. Na pana kiñcāpi sekkho, tathāpi abhabbo agatiṃ gantunti
yojetabba ṃ . ‘‘ Abhabbo ’’ ti ādin ā pana dhammasa ṅgītiy ā tassa arahabh āva ṃ dassent ā vijjam āne gu ṇe kathenti. Tattha

chand āti chandena, sinehenāti attho. Agati ṃ gantu nti agantabbaṃ gantuṃ, akattabbaṃ kātunti vuttaṃ hoti. Imāni
pana cattāri agatigamanāni bhaṇḍabhājanīye ca vinicchayaṭṭhāne ca labbhanti. Tattha bhaṇḍabhājanīye tāva attano
bhārabhūtānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ amanāpe bhaṇḍe sampatte taṃ parivattitvā manāpaṃ dento chandāgatiṃ gacchati nāma.
Attano pana abhārabhūtānaṃ manāpe bhaṇḍe sampatte taṃ parivattitvā amanāpaṃ dento dosāgatiṃ gacchati nāma.
Bhaṇḍesu bhājanīyavatthuñca ṭhitikañca ajānanto mohāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Mukharānaṃ vā rājādinissitānaṃ vā ‘‘ime
me amanāpe bhaṇḍe dinne anatthaṃ kareyyu’’nti bhayena parivattitvā manāpaṃ dento bhayāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Yo
pana evaṃ na gacchati, sabbesaṃ tulābhūto pamāṇabhūto majjhattova hutvā yaṃ yassa pāpuṇāti, tadeva tassa deti, ayaṃ
catubbidhampi agatiṃ na gacchati nāma. Vinicchayaṭṭhāne pana attano bhārabhūtassa garukāpattiṃ lahukāpattiṃ katvā
kathento chandāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Itarassa lahukāpattiṃ garukāpattiṃ katvā kathento dosāgatiṃ gacchati nāma.
Āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ pana samuccayakkhandhakañca ajānanto mohāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Mukharassa vā rājapūjitassa vā
‘‘ayaṃ me garukaṃ katvā āpattiṃ kathentassa anatthampi kareyyā’’ti garukameva lahukāpattiṃ kathento bhayāgatiṃ
gacchati nāma. Yo pana sabbesaṃ yathābhūtameva kathesi, ayaṃ catubbidhampi agatigamanaṃ na gacchati nāma.
Theropi tādiso catunnampi agatigamanānaṃ paṭhamamaggeneva pahīnattā, tasmā saṅgāyanavasena
dhammavinayavinicchaye sampatte chandādivasena aññathā akathetvā yathābhūtameva kathetīti vuttaṃ ‘‘abhabbo…pe…
agatiṃ gantu’’ nti. Pariyatto ti adhīto, uggahitoti attho.
Uccinitenāti uccinitvā gahitena. Etadahosīti etaṃ parivitakkanaṃ ahosi. Rājagahaṃ kho mahāgocara nti ettha
‘‘rājagahanti rājagahasāmantaṃ gahetvā vutta’’nti cūḷagaṇṭhipade majjhimagaṇṭhipade ca vuttaṃ. Gāvo caranti etthāti
gocaro, gocaro viya gocaro, bhikkhācaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. So mahanto assa, etthāti vā mahāgocaraṃ, rājagahaṃ.
Thāvarakamma nti ciraṭṭhāyikammaṃ. Visabhāgapuggalo subhaddasadiso. Ukkoṭeyyāti nivāreyyāti attho.
Ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesīti –
‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni sammanneyya
‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti,
esā ñatti.
‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, saṅgho imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni sammannati ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni
dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, yassāyasmato khamati
imesaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ sammuti ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantānaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na
aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, so tuṇhassa. Yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
‘‘Sammatāni saṅghena imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañca vinayañca
saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ
dhārayāmī’’ti (cūḷava. 437) –
Evaṃ ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesi. Idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘taṃ saṅgītikkhandhake vuttanayeneva ñātabba’’nti.
Ayaṃ pana kammavācā tathāgatassa parinibbānato ekavīsatime divase katā. Vuttañhetaṃ dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ
(dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā) ‘‘ayaṃ pana kammavācā tathāgatassa parinibbānato ekavīsatime divase katā.
Bhagavā hi visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ paccūsasamaye parinibbuto, athassa sattāhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ gandhamālādīhi
pūjayiṃsu. Evaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma ahesuṃ. Tato sattāhaṃ citakāya agginā jhāyi, sattāhaṃ sattipañjaraṃ
katvā santhāgārasālāyaṃ dhātupūjaṃ kariṃsūti ekavīsati divasā gatā. Jeṭṭhamūlasukkapakkhapañcamiyaṃ pana dhātuyo
bhājayiṃsu. Etasmiṃ dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitassa mahābhikkhusaṅghassa subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena kataṃ
anācāraṃ ārocetvā vuttanayeneva bhikkhū uccinitvā ayaṃ kammavācā katā. Imañca pana kammavācaṃ katvā thero
bhikkhū āmantesi ‘āvuso idāni tumhākaṃ cattālīsadivasā okāso, tato paraṃ ayaṃ nāma no palibodho atthīti vattuṃ na
labbhā, tasmā etthantare yassa rogapalibodho vā ācariyupajjhāyapalibodho vā mātāpitupalibodho vā atthi, pattaṃ vā pana
pacitabbaṃ cīvaraṃ vā kātabbaṃ, so taṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā karaṇīyaṃ karotū’ti. Evañca pana vatvā thero attano
pañcasatāya parisāya parivuto rājagahaṃ gato, aññepi mahātherā attano attano parivāraṃ gahetvā sokasallasamappitaṃ
mahājanaṃ assāsetukāmā taṃ taṃ disaṃ pakkantā. Puṇṇatthero pana sattasatabhikkhuparivāro ‘tathāgatassa
parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ āgatāgataṃ mahājanaṃ assāsessāmī’ti kusinārāyameva aṭṭhāsi. Āyasmā ānando yathā pubbe
aparinibbutassa, evaṃ parinibbutassapi bhagavato sayameva pattacīvaramādāya pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ yena
sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Gacchato panassa parivārā bhikkhū gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā’’ti. Tasmā tathāgatassa
parinibbānato tīsu sattāhesu atikkantesu ekavīsatime divase imaṃ kammavācaṃ sāvetvā thero rājagahaṃ pakkantoti
veditabbaṃ.
Yadi evaṃ kasmā pana idha maṅgalasuttaṭṭhakathāyañca (khu. pā. aṭṭha. 5.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) ‘‘sattasu
sādhukīḷanadivasesu sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesu vītivattesū’’ti vuttaṃ? Sattasu dhātupūjādivasesu gahitesu
tadavinābhāvato majjhe citakāya jhāpanasattāhampi gahitamevāti katvā visuṃ na vuttaṃ viya dissati. Yadi evaṃ atha
kasmā ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttanti? Nāyaṃ doso. Appakañhi ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ
na hoti, tasm ā samud āyo appakena adhikopi anadhiko viya hot īti katv ā aḍḍ ham āsato adhikepi pañca divase ‘‘ aḍḍ ham āso

atikkanto ’’ ti vutta ṃ ‘‘ dv āsītikhandhakavatt āna ṃ katthaci as ītikhandhakavatt ānī’’ ti vacana ṃ viya. Tath ā appakena
ūnopi ca samudāyo anūno viya hotīti katvā ‘‘diyaḍḍhamāsato ūnepi pañca divase diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttaṃ.
Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāya ñhi (vibha. aṭṭha. 356) chamāsato ūnepi aḍḍhamāse ‘‘cha māse sajjhāyo kātabbo’’ti
vuttavacanaṃ viya. Tattha hi tacapañcakādīsu catūsu pañcakesu dvīsu ca chakkesu ekekasmiṃ anulomato pañcāhaṃ,
paṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, anulomapaṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, tathā purimapurimehi pañcakachakkehi saddhiṃ anulomato
pañcāhaṃ, paṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, anulomapaṭilomato pañcāhanti evaṃ visuṃ tipañcāhaṃ ekato tipañcāhañca sajjhāyaṃ
katvā chamāsaṃ sajjhāyo kātabboti vacanaṃ viya. Tattha hi vakkapañcakādīsu tīsu pañcakesu dvīsu ca chakkesu visuṃ
heṭṭhimehi ekato ca sajjhāye pañcannaṃ pañcannaṃ pañcakānaṃ vasena pañcamāsaparipuṇṇā labbhanti, tacapañcake pana
visuṃ tipañcāhamevāti aḍḍhamāsoyeveko labbhatīti aḍḍhamāsādhikapañcamāsā labbhanti.
Evaṃ sati yathā tattha aḍḍhamāse ūnepi māsaparicchedena paricchijjamāne sajjhāye cha māsā paricchedakā hontīti
paricchijjamānassa sajjhāyassa sattamāsādimāsantaragamananivāraṇatthaṃ chamāsaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ, na sakalachamāse
sajjhāyappavattidassanatthaṃ, evamidhāpi māsavasena kāle paricchijjamāne ūnepi pañcadivase diyaḍḍhamāso
paricchedako hotīti paricchijjamānassa kālassa dvimāsādimāsantaragamananivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti
diyaḍḍhamāsaggahaṇaṃ katanti evamettha attho gahetabbo. Aññathā ca aṭṭhakathāvacanānaṃ aññamaññavirodho āpajjati.
Ekāhameva vā bhagavato sarīraṃ citakāya jhāyīti khuddakabhāṇakānaṃ adhippāyoti gahetabbaṃ. Evañhi sati
parinibbānato sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu vītivattesu aṭṭhamiyaṃ citakāya bhagavato sarīraṃ jhāpetvā tato paraṃ sattasu
divasesu dhātupūjaṃ akaṃsūti aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, gimhānaṃ diyaḍḍho ca māso seso hoti. Parinibbānasuttantapāḷiyampi
hi citakāya jhāpanasattāhaṃ na āgataṃ, dveyeva sattāhāni āgatāni, upaparikkhitvā pana yaṃ ruccati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ. Ito
aññena vā pakārena yathā na virujjhati, tathā kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ. Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘aḍḍhamāso
atikkantoti ettha eko divaso naṭṭho. So pāṭipadadivaso kolāhaladivaso nāma, tasmā idha na gahito’’ti. Taṃ na sundaraṃ
parinibbānasuttantapāḷiyaṃ pāṭipadadivasatoyeva paṭṭhāya sattāhassa vuttattā aṭṭhakathāyañca parinibbānadivasenapi
saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gahitattā. Tathā hi parinibbānadivasena saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gahitattā
je ṭṭhamūlasukkapañcamī ekavīsatimo divaso hoti.
Sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesūti ettha sādhukīḷanaṃ nāma saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttāni
gītāni gāyitvā pūjāvasena kīḷanato sundaraṃ kīḷananti sādhukīḷanaṃ. Atha vā saparahitasādhanaṭṭhena sādhu, tesaṃ
saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā kīḷanaṃ sādhukīḷanaṃ, uḷārapuññapasavanato samparāyikatthāvirodhikīḷāvihāroti attho.
Ettha ca purimasmiṃ sattāhe sādhukīḷāya ekadesena katattā sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma te jātā. Visesato pana
dhātupūjādivasesuyeva sādhukīḷanaṃ akaṃsu. Tatoyeva ca mahāparinibbānasuttantapāḷiyaṃ –
‘‘Atha kho kosinārakā mallā bhagavato sarīrāni sattāhaṃ santhāgāre sattipañjaraṃ karitvā dhanupākāraṃ
parikkhipāpetvā naccehi gītehi vāditehi mālehi gandhehi sakkariṃsu garuṃ kariṃsu mānesuṃ pūjesu’’nti (dī. ni.
2.235).
Etassa aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.235) vuttaṃ –
‘‘Kasmā panete evamakaṃsūti? Ito purimesu dvīsu sattāhesu te bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhānanisajjokāsaṃ karontā
khādanīyabhojanīyādīni saṃvidahantā sādhukīḷikāya okāsaṃ na labhiṃsu. Tato nesaṃ ahosi ‘imaṃ sattāhaṃ
sādhukīḷitaṃ kīḷissāma, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ amhākaṃ pamattabhāvaṃ ñatvā kocideva āgantvā
dhātuyo gaṇheyya, tasmā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā kīḷissāmā’ti, tena te evamakaṃsū’’ti.
Tasmā visesato sādhukīḷikā dhātupūjādivasesuyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Te pana dhātupūjāya katattā ‘‘dhātupūjādivasā’’ti pākaṭā
jātāti āha ‘‘sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesū’’ ti. Upakaṭṭhāti āsannā. Vassaṃ upanenti upagacchanti etthāti vassūpanāyikā.
Ekaṃ maggaṃ gato ti cārikaṃ caritvā mahājanaṃ assāsetuṃ ekena maggena gato. Evaṃ anuruddhattherādayopi tesu tesu
janapadesu c ārikaṃ caritvā mahājanaṃ assāsentā gatāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yena sāvatthi, tena cārikaṃ pakkāmīti yattha
sāvatthi, tattha cārikaṃ pakkāmi, yena vā disābhāgena sāvatthi pakkamitabbā hoti, tena disābhāgena cārikaṃ pakkāmīti
attho.
Tatrāti tassaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ. Suda nti nipātamattaṃ. Aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttāyāti ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā
aniccā’’tiādinayappavattāya. Asamucchinnataṇhānusayattā avijjātaṇhābhisaṅkhatena kammunā
bhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsesu khandhapañcakasaṅkhātaṃ attabhāvaṃ janeti abhinibbattetīti jano, kilese janeti, ajani,
janissat īti vā jano, mahanto janoti mahājano, taṃ mahājanaṃ, bahujananti attho. Saññāpetvāti samassāsetvā.
Gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivaritvāti paribhogacetiyabhāvato gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivarīti
veditabbaṃ. Teneva dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) ‘‘gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā’’ti
vuttaṃ. Milātaṃ mālākacavaraṃ milātamālākacavaraṃ. Yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvāti paṭhamaṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ anatikkamitvā
yathāṭhitaṭṭhāneyeva ṭhapetvāti attho. Bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbamakāsīti senāsane kattabbavattaṃ
sandhāya vuttaṃ. Karonto ca nhānakoṭṭhake sammajjanaudakūpaṭṭhānādikālesu gandhakuṭiṃ gantvā ‘‘nanu bhagavā ayaṃ
tumhākaṃ nhānakālo, ayaṃ dhammadesanākālo, ayaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānakālo, ayaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappanakālo, ayaṃ
mukhadhovanakālo’’tiādinā nayena paridevamānova akāsi. Tamenaṃ aññatarā devatā ‘‘bhante ānanda, tumhe evaṃ

paridevam ānā katha ṃ aññe ass āsayissath ā’’ ti sa ṃvejesi. So tass ā vacanena sa ṃviggahadayo santhambhitv ā
tathāgatassa parinibbānato pabhuti ṭhānanisajjabahulatāya ussannadhātukaṃ kāyaṃ samassāsetuṃ khīravirecanaṃ pivi.
Idāni taṃ dassento ‘‘atha thero’’ tiādimāha.
Ussannadhātuka nti upacitasemhādidhātukaṃ kāyaṃ. Samassāsetu nti santappetuṃ. Dutiyadivase ti devatāya
saṃvejitadivasato. ‘‘Jetavanavihāraṃ paviṭṭhadivasato vā dutiyadivase’’ti vadanti. Viriccati etenāti virecanaṃ,
osadhaparibhāvitaṃ khīrameva virecananti khīravirecanaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāyāti yaṃ bhesajjapānaṃ sandhāya.
Aṅgasubhatāya subhoti evaṃ laddhanāmattā subhena māṇavena . Pahitaṃ māṇavaka nti ‘‘satthā parinibbuto
ānandatthero kirassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā āgato, mahājano ca taṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamatī’’ti sutvā ‘‘vihāraṃ kho pana
gantvā mahājanamajjhe na sakkā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ vā kātuṃ dhammakathaṃ vā sotuṃ, gehaṃ āgataṃyeva naṃ
disvā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ karissāmi, ekā ca me kaṅkhā atthi, tampi naṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā subhena māṇavena
pesitaṃ māṇavakaṃ. Etadavocāti etaṃ ‘‘akālo kho’’tiādikaṃ ānandatthero avoca. Akālo kho ti ajja gantuṃ yuttakālo na
hoti. Kasmāti ce āha ‘‘atthi me ajjā’’ tiādi. Bhesajjamattāti appamattakaṃ bhesajjaṃ. Appattho hi ayaṃ mattāsaddo
‘‘mattā sukhapariccāgā’’tiādīsu viya.
Dutiyadivase ti khīravirecanaṃ pītadivasato dutiyadivase. Cetakattherenāti cetiyaraṭṭhe jātattā ‘‘cetako’’ti
evaṃladdhanāmena. Subhena māṇavena puṭṭho ti ‘‘yesu dhammesu bhavaṃ gotamo imaṃ lokaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, te tassa
accayena naṭṭhā nu kho, dharanti, sace dharanti, ānando jānissati, handa naṃ pucchāmī’’ti evaṃ cintetvā ‘‘yesaṃ so
bhavaṃ gotamo dhammānaṃ vaṇṇavādī ahosi, yattha ca imaṃ janataṃ samādapesi nivesesi patiṭṭhāpesi, katamesānaṃ
kho bho ānanda dhammānaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo vaṇṇavādī ahosī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.448) subhena māṇavena puṭṭho.
Athassa thero tīṇi piṭakāni sīlakkhandhādīhi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahetvā dassento ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ kho, māṇava, khandhānaṃ so
bhagavā vaṇṇavādī’’tiādinā subhasuttamabhāsi. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘dīghanikāye subhasuttaṃ nāma dasamaṃ
suttamabhāsī’’ ti.
Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇanti ettha khaṇḍanti chinnaṃ. Phulla nti bhinnaṃ. Tesaṃ paṭisaṅkharaṇaṃpuna
sammā pākatikakaraṇaṃ, abhinavakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Rājagaha nti evaṃnāmakaṃ nagaraṃ. Tañhi
mandhatumahāgovindādīhi pariggahitattā ‘‘rājagaha’’nti vuccati. Chaḍḍitapatitauklāpāti chaḍḍitā ca patitā ca uklāpā ca
ahesunti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – bhagavato parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ gacchantehi bhikkhūhi chaḍḍitā vissaṭṭhā, tatoyeva ca
upacikādīhi khāditattā ito cito ca patitā, sammajjanābhāvena ākiṇṇakacavarattā uklāpā ca ahesunti. Imamevatthaṃ dassento
āha ‘‘bhagavato hī’’ tiādi. Paricchedavasena veṇiyati dissatīti pariveṇaṃ. Tatthāti tesu vihāresu.
Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇanti iminā sambandho. Paṭhamaṃ māsa nti vassānassa paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ, accantasaṃyoge
cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Senāsanavattānaṃ paññattattā senāsanakkhandhake ca senāsanapaṭibaddhānaṃ bahūnaṃ
vacanato ‘‘bhagavatā…pe… vaṇṇita’’nti vuttaṃ.
Dutiyadivase ti ‘‘khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karomā’’ti cintitadivasato dutiyadivase. So ca vassūpanāyikadivasato
dutiyadivasoti veditabbo. Te hi therā āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāya uposathaṃ katvā pāṭipade sannipatitvā vassaṃ upagantvā evaṃ
cintesuṃ. Ajātasattu rājāti ajāto hutvā pituno paccatthiko jātoti ‘‘ajātasattū’’ti laddhavohāro rājā. Tasmiṃ kira kucchigate
deviyā evarūpo dohaḷo uppajji ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ rañño dakkhiṇabāhuto lohitaṃ piveyya’’nti. Atha tassā kathetuṃ asakkontiyā
kisabhāvaṃ dubbaṇṇabhāvañca disvā rājā sayameva pucchitvā ñatvā ca vejje pakkosāpetvā suvaṇṇasatthakena bāhuṃ
phāletvā suvaṇṇasarakena lohitaṃ gahetvā udakena sambhinditvā pāyesi. Nemittakā taṃ sutvā ‘‘esa gabbho rañño sattu
bhavissati, iminā rājā haññissatī’’ti byākariṃsu, tasmā ‘‘ajātoyeva rañño sattu bhavissatī’’ti nemittakehi niddiṭṭhattā
ajātasattu nāma jāto. Ki nti kāraṇapucchanatthe nipāto, kasmāti attho. Paṭivedesu nti nivedesuṃ, jānāpesunti attho.
Vissatthāti nirāsaṅkacittā. Āṇācakka nti āṇāyeva appaṭihatavuttiyā pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti āṇācakkaṃ.
Sannisajjaṭṭhāna nti sannipatitvā nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ.
Rājabhavanavibhūti nti rājabhavanasampattiṃ. Avahasantamivāti avahāsaṃ kurumānaṃ viya. Siriyā niketamivāti
siriyā vasanaṭṭhānamiva. Ekanipātatitthamiva ca devamanussanayanavihaṅgāna nti ekasmiṃ pānīyatitthe sannipatantā
pakkhino viya sabbesaṃ janānaṃ cakkhūni maṇḍapeyeva nipatantīti devamanussānaṃ nayanasaṅkhātavihaṅgānaṃ
ekanipātatitthamiva ca. Lokarāmaṇeyyakamiva sampiṇḍita nti ekattha sampiṇḍitaṃ rāsikataṃ loke ramaṇīyabhāvaṃ
viya. Yadi loke vijjamānaṃ ramaṇīyattaṃ sabbameva ānetvā ekattha sampiṇḍitaṃ siyā, taṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
‘‘Daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍanti pheggurahitasāraṃ viya kasaṭavinimuttaṃ pasannabhūtaṃ viya ca daṭṭhabbesu daṭṭhuṃ
araharūpesu sārabhūtaṃ pasannabhūtañcā’’ti tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Daṭṭhabbo dassanīyo sārabhūto visiṭṭhataro
maṇḍo maṇḍanaṃ alaṅkāro etassāti daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍo, maṇḍapoti evamettha attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti,
upaparikkhitvā yuttataraṃ gahetabbaṃ. Maṇḍaṃ sūriyarasmiṃ pāti nivāretīti maṇḍapo . Vividha…pe… cāruvitāna nti
ettha kusumadāmāni ca tāni olambakāni cāti kusumadāmaolambakāni. Ettha ca visesanassa paranipāto daṭṭhabbo,
olambakakusumadāmānīti attho. Tāni vividhāni anekappakārāni viniggalantaṃ vamentaṃ nikkhāmentamiva cāru
sobhanaṃ vitānaṃ etthāti vividhakusumadāmaolambakaviniggalantacāruvitāno, maṇḍapo, taṃ alaṅkaritvāti
yojetabbaṃ. Ratanavicitramaṇikaoṭṭimatalamivāti nānāpupphūpahāravicittasupariniṭṭhitabhūmikammattāyeva
nānāratanehi vicittabhūtamaṇikoṭṭimatalamivāti attho. Ettha ca ratanavicittaggahaṇaṃ nānāpupphūpahāravicittatāya
nidassana ṃ, ma ṇiko ṭṭ imatalaggaha ṇaṃ suparini ṭṭ hitabh ūmiparikammat āyāti veditabba ṃ. Ma ṇiyo ko ṭṭ etv ā katatalatt ā

maṇikoṭṭanena nibbattatalanti maṇikoṭṭimatalaṃ. Na nti maṇḍapaṃ. Pupph ūpah āro pupphapūjā.
Uttarābhimukha nti uttaradisābhimukhaṃ. Āsanāraha nti nisīdanārahaṃ. Dantakhacita nti dantehi racitaṃ, dantehi
katanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etthāti āsane. Niṭṭhitaṃ bhante mama kicca nti mayā kattabbakiccaṃ niṭṭhitanti attho.
Tasmiṃ pana divase ekacce bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sandhāya evamāhaṃsu ‘‘imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe eko
bhikkhu vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaratī’’ti. Thero taṃ sutvā ‘‘imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe añño vissagandhaṃ vāyanto
vicaraṇakabhikkhu nāma natthi, addhā ete maṃ sandhāya vadantī’’ti saṃvegaṃ āpajji. Ekacce naṃ āhaṃsuyeva ‘‘sve,
āvuso, sannipāto’’tiādi. Idāni taṃ dassento āha ‘‘bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āhaṃsū’’ tiādi. Tenāti tasmā.
Āvajjesīti upanāmesi. Anupādāyāti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena kañci dhammaṃ agahetvā, yehi vā kilesehi sabbehi vimuccati,
tesaṃ lesamattampi agahetvāti attho. Āsavehīti bhavato ābhavaggaṃ dhammato vā āgotrabhuṃ savanato pavattanato
āsavasaññitehi kilesehi. Lakkhaṇavacanañcetaṃ āsavehīti, tadekaṭṭhatāya pana sabbehipi kilesehi, sabbehipi
pāpadhammehi cittaṃ vimuccatiyeva. Cittaṃ vimuccīti cittaṃ arahattamaggakkhaṇe āsavehi vimuccamānaṃ katvā
arahattaphalakkhaṇe vimuccīti attho. Caṅkamenāti caṅkamanakiriyāya. Vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūtaṃ kataṃ upacitaṃ puññaṃ
etenāti katapuñño, arahattādhigamāya katādhikāroti attho. Padhānamanuyuñjāti vīriyaṃ anuyuñja, arahattādhigamāya
anuyogaṃ karohīti attho. Kathādoso nāma natthīti kathāya aparajjhaṃ nāma natthi. Accāraddhaṃ vīriya nti ativiya
āraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ. Uddhaccāyāti uddhatabhāvāya. Vīriyasamataṃ yojemīti caṅkamanavīriyassa adhimattattā tassa
pahānavasena samādhinā samarasatāpādanena vīriyasamataṃ yojemi.
Dutiyadivase ti therena arahattappattadivasato dutiyadivase. Dhammasabhāyaṃ sannipatitāti pakkhassa
pañcamiyaṃ sannipatiṃsu. Attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo ti ‘‘sekkhatāya dhammasaṅgītiyā gahetuṃ ayuttampi
bahussutattā gaṇhissāmā’’ti cintetvā nisinnānaṃ therānaṃ ‘‘idāni arahattappatto’’ti somanassuppādanatthaṃ ‘‘appamatto
hohī’’ti dinnaovādassa saphalatādīpanatthaṃ attupanāyikaṃ akatvā aññabyākaraṇassa bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitattā ca thero
attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo ahosīti veditabbaṃ. Yathāvuḍḍha nti vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiṃ anatikkamitvā. Eke ti
majjhimabhāṇakānaṃyeva eke. Pubbe vuttampi hi sabbaṃ majjhimabhāṇakā vadantiyevāti veditabbaṃ. Dīghabhāṇakā (dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) panettha evaṃ vadanti –
‘‘Atha kho āyasmā ānando arahā samāno sannipātaṃ agamāsi. Kathaṃ agamāsi? ‘Idānimhi sannipātamajjhaṃ
pavisanāraho’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhacitto ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā bandhanā muttatālapakkaṃ viya paṇḍukambale
nikkhittajātimaṇi viya vigatavalāhake nabhe samuggatapuṇṇacando viya
bālātapasamphassavikasitareṇupiñjaragabbhaṃ padumaṃ viya ca parisuddhena pariyodātena sappabhena
sassirikena mukhavarena attano arahattappattiṃ ārocayamāno viya ca agamāsi. Atha naṃ disvā āyasmato
mahākassapassa etadahosi ‘sobhati vata bho arahattappatto ānando, sace satthā dhareyya, addhā ajja ānandassa
sādhukāraṃ dadeyya, handa imassāhaṃ idāni satthārā dātabbaṃ sādhukāraṃ dadāmī’ti tikkhattuṃ
sādhukāramadāsī’’ti.
Ākāsena āgantvā nisīdītipi eke ti ettha pana tesaṃ tesaṃ tathā tathā gahetvā āgatamattaṃ ṭhapetvā visuṃ visuṃ vacane
aññaṃ visesakāraṇaṃ natthīti vadanti. Upatissatthero panāha ‘‘sattamāsaṃ katāya dhammasaṅgītiyā kadāci pathaviyaṃ
nimujjitvā āgatattā taṃ gahetvā eke vadanti. Kadāci ākāsena āgatattā taṃ gahetvā eke vadantī’’ti.
Bhikkhū āmantesīti bhikkhū ālapi abhāsi sambodhesīti ayamettha attho. Aññatra pana ñāpanepi hoti. Yathāha –
‘‘āmantayāmi vo, bhikkhave, (dī. ni. 2.218) paṭivedayāmi vo, bhikkhave’’ti (a. ni. 7.72). Pakkosanepi dissati. Yathāha
‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehī’’ti (a. ni. 9.11). Āvuso ti āmantanākāradīpanaṃ. Kaṃ dhuraṃ
katvāti kaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā. Kiṃ ānando nappahotīti aṭṭhakathācariyehi ṭhapitapucchā. Nappahotīti na sakkoti.
Etadagga nti eso aggo. Liṅgavipallāsena hi ayaṃ niddeso. Yadida nti ca yo ayanti attho, yadidaṃ khandhapañcakanti vā
yojetabbaṃ. Sammannīti sammataṃ akāsi. Upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyya nti pucchadhātussa dvikammakattā vuttaṃ.
Bījaniṃ gahetvāti ettha bījanīgahaṇaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ dhammatāti veditabbaṃ. Bhagavāpi hi dhammakathikānaṃ
dhammatādassanatthameva vicittabījaniṃ gaṇhāti. Na hi aññathā sabbassapi lokassa alaṅkārabhūtaṃ
paramukkaṃsagatasikkhāsaṃyamānaṃ buddhānaṃ mukhacandamaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādetabbaṃ hoti. ‘‘Paṭhamaṃ, āvuso
upāli, pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’nti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu tassa saṅgītiyā purimakāle paṭhamabhāvo na yuttoti? No na yutto
bhagavatā paññattānukkamena pātimokkhuddesānukkamena ca paṭhamabhāvassa siddhattā. Yebhuyyena hi tīṇi piṭakāni
bhagavato dharamānakāle ṭhitānukkameneva saṅgītāni, visesato vinayābhidhammapiṭakānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kismiṃ
vatthusmiṃ methunadhamme ti ca nimittatthe bhummavacanaṃ.
Vatthumpi pucchītiādi ‘‘kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā dassitena saha tato avasiṭṭhampi saṅgahetvā dassanavasena
vuttaṃ. Kiṃ panettha paṭhamapārājikapāḷiyaṃ kiñci apanetabbaṃ vā pakkhipitabbaṃ vā āsi nāsīti? Buddhassa bhagavato
bhāsite apanetabbaṃ nāma natthi. Na hi tathāgatā ekabyañjanampi niratthakaṃ vadanti, sāvakānaṃ pana devatānaṃ vā
bhāsite apanetabbampi hoti, taṃ dhammasaṅgāhakattherā apanayiṃsu, pakkhipitabbaṃ pana sabbatthāpi atthi, tasmā yaṃ
yattha pakkhipituṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ tattha pakkhipiṃsuyeva. Kiṃ pana tanti ce? ‘‘Tena samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘tena kho pana
samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘atha kho’’iti vā ‘‘evaṃ vutte’’ti vā ‘‘etadavocā’’ti vā evamādikaṃ sambandhavacanamattaṃ. Evaṃ
pakkhipitabbayuttaṃ pakkhipitvā pana idaṃ paṭhamapārājikanti ṭhapesuṃ. Paṭhamapārājike saṅgahamāruḷhe pañca

arahantasat āni sa ṅgaha ṃ ā ropitanayeneva ga ṇasajjh āyamaka ṃsu. ‘‘ Tena samayena buddho bhagav ā verañj āya ṃ
viharatī’’ti ca nesaṃ sajjhāyārambhakāleyeva sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viya mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā kampittha.
Te eteneva nayena sesapārājikānipi saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ‘‘idaṃ pārājikakaṇḍa’’nti ṭhapesuṃ. Evaṃ terasa saṅghādisesāni
‘‘terasaka’’ntiādīni vatvā vīsādhikāni dve sikkhāpadasatāni ‘‘mahāvibhaṅgo’’ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Mahāvibhaṅgāvasānepi
purimanayeneva mahāpathavī akampittha. Tato bhikkhunivibhaṅge aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni ‘‘pārājikakaṇḍaṃ nāmā’’tiādīni
vatvā tīṇi sikkhāpadasatāni cattāri ca sikkhāpadāni ‘‘bhikkhunivibhaṅgo’’ti kittetvā ‘‘ayaṃ ubhatovibhaṅgo nāma
catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāro’’ti ṭhapesuṃ. Ubhatovibhaṅgāvasānepi vuttanayeneva pathavī akampittha. Etenevupāyena
asītibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ khandhakaṃ pañcavīsatibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ parivārañca saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ‘‘idaṃ
vinayapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’ti ṭhapesuṃ. Vinayapiṭakāvasānepi vuttanayeneva pathavīkampo ahosi. Taṃ āyasmantaṃ
upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘āvuso, idaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī’’ti evamettha avuttopi viseso veditabbo.
Evaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṅgahamāropetvā suttantapiṭakaṃ saṅgāyiṃsu. Idāni taṃ dassento āha ‘‘vinayaṃ
saṅgāyitvā’’ tiādi. Mahākassapatthero ānandattheraṃ dhammaṃ pucchīti ettha ayamanukkamo veditabbo –
ānandatthere dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā dhammāsane nisinne āyasmā mahākassapatthero bhikkhū pucchi ‘‘kataraṃ,
āvuso, piṭakaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti? ‘‘Suttantapiṭakaṃ, bhanteti. Suttantapiṭake catasso saṅgītiyo, tāsu paṭhamaṃ
kataraṃ saṅgītinti? Dīghasaṅgītiṃ, bhanteti. Dīghasaṅgītiyaṃ catuttiṃsa suttāni, tayo ca vaggā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ
vagganti. Sīlakkhandhavaggaṃ, bhanteti. Sīlakkhandhavagge terasa suttantā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ suttanti?
Brahmajālasuttaṃ nāma bhante tividhasīlālaṅkataṃ nānāvidhamicchājīvakuhanalapanādividdhaṃsanaṃ
dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātupakampanaṃ, taṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā
mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘brahmajālaṃ, āvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’nti?
Antarā ca bhante rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷanda nti ettha antarā-saddo kāraṇakhaṇacittavemajjhavivarādīsu dissati.
Tathā hi ‘‘tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatā’’ti (a. ni. 6.44; 10.75) ca, ‘‘janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tañca
kimantara’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.228) ca ādīsu kāraṇe antarāsaddo vattati. ‘‘Addasa maṃ bhante aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya
bhājanaṃ dhovantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) khaṇe. ‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā’’tiādīsu (udā. 20) citte. ‘‘Antarā
vosānamāpādī’’tiādīsu vemajjhe. ‘‘Api cāyaṃ tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 231)
vivare. Svāyamidha vivare vattati, tasmā rājagahassa ca nāḷandāya ca vivareti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo, antarāsaddena
pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘antarā gāmañca nadiñca yātī’’ti evaṃ ekameva
antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti. Ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti
sāmivacanappasaṅge antarāsaddayogena upayogavacanassa icchitattā. Idha pana yojetvā evaṃ vutto. Rājāgārake ti tattha
rañño kīḷanatthaṃ paṭibhānacittavicitraṃ agāraṃ akaṃsu, taṃ rājāgārakanti pavuccati, tasmiṃ. Ambalaṭṭhikāti rañño
uyyānaṃ. Tassa kira dvārasamīpe taruṇo ambarukkho atthi, taṃ ambalaṭṭhikāti vadanti. Tassa avidūrabhavattā uyyānampi
ambalaṭṭhikātveva saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ ‘‘varuṇānagara’’ntiādīsu viya.
Suppiyañca paribbājaka nti ettha suppiyo ti tassa nāmaṃ, paribbājako ti sañjayassa antevāsī channaparibbājako.
Brahmadattañca māṇavaka nti ettha brahmadatto ti tassa nāmaṃ. Māṇavo ti sattopi coropi taruṇopi vuccati. Tathā hi –
‘‘Coditā devadūtehi, ye pamajjanti māṇavā;
Te dīgharattaṃ socanti, hīnakāyūpagā narā’’ti. (ma. ni. 3.271; a. ni. 3.36) –
Ādīsu satto māṇavoti vutto. ‘‘Māṇavehipi samāgacchanti katakammehipi akatakammehipī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) coro.
‘‘Ambaṭṭhamāṇavo aṅgako māṇavo’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.258-261, 316) taruṇo māṇavoti vutto. Idhāpi ayameva adhippeto.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘brahmadattaṃ nāma taruṇapurisaṃ ārabbhā’’ti. Jīvakambavane ti jīvakassa komārabhaccassa
ambavane. Atha ‘‘kaṃ ārabbhā’’ti avatvā ‘‘kenasaddhi’’nti kasmā vuttaṃ? Na etaṃ suttaṃ bhagavatā eva vuttaṃ, raññāpi
‘‘yathā nu kho imāni puthusippāyatanānī’’tiādinā kiñci kiñci vuttaṃ atthi, tasmā evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Vedehiputtenāti ayaṃ kosalarañño dhītāya putto, na videharañño, ‘‘vedehī’’ti pana paṇḍitādhivacanametaṃ. Vidanti
etenāti vedo, ñāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vedena īhati ghaṭati vāyamatīti vedehī, vedehiyā putto vedehiputto, tena.
Etenevupāyena pañca nikāye pucchīti ettha ayamanukkamo veditabbo. Vuttanayena brahmajālassa
pucchāvisajjanāvasāne pañca arahantasatāni sajjhāyamakaṃsu. Vuttanayeneva ca pathavīkampo ahosi. Evaṃ brahmajālaṃ
saṅgāyitvā tato paraṃ ‘‘sāmaññaphalaṃ panāvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’ntiādinā pucchāvisajjanānukkamena saddhiṃ
brahmajālena terasasuttantaṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘ayaṃ sīlakkhandhavaggo nāmā’’ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Tadanantaraṃ
mahāvaggaṃ, tadanantaraṃ pāthikavagganti evaṃ tivaggasaṅgahaṃ catuttiṃsasuttantapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ
catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘ayaṃ dīghanikāyo nāmā’’ti vatvā āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ
paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī’’ti. Tato anantaraṃ asītibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ majjhimanikāyaṃ
saṅgāyitvā dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherassa nissitake paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘imaṃ tumhe pariharathā’’ti. Tadanantaraṃ
bhāṇavārasataparimāṇaṃ saṃyuttanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā mahākassapattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘bhante, imaṃ tumhākaṃ
nissitake vācethā’’ti. Tadanantaraṃ vīsatibhāṇavārasatapaamāṇaṃ aṅguttaranikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā anuruddhattheraṃ
pa ṭicch āpesu ṃ ‘‘ ima ṃ tumh āka ṃ nissitake v āceth ā’’ ti.

Tadanantara ṃ –
‘‘Dhammasaṅgaṇiṃ vibhaṅgañca, kathāvatthuñca puggalaṃ;
Dhātuyamakaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ, abhidhammoti vuccatī’’ti. –
Evaṃ saṃvaṇṇitaṃ sukhumañāṇagocaraṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘idaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’ti vatvā pañca
arahantasatāni sajjhāyamakaṃsu. Vuttanayeneva pathavīkampo ahosi. Tato paraṃ jātakaṃ mahāniddeso
paṭisambhidāmaggo apadānaṃ suttanipāto khuddakapāṭho dhammapadaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ vimānavatthu petavatthu
theragāthā therīgāthāti imaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘khuddakagantho nāma aya’’nti ca vatvā abhidhammapiṭakasmiṃyeva
saṅgahaṃ āropayiṃsūti dīghabhāṇakā vadanti. Majjhimabhāṇakā pana ‘‘cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsehi saddhiṃ sabbampi
taṃ khuddakaganthaṃ suttantapiṭake pariyāpanna’’nti vadanti. Ayamettha adhippāyo – jātakādike
khuddakanikāyapariyāpanne yebhuyyena ca dhammaniddesabhūte tādise abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaṇhituṃ yuttaṃ, na pana
dīghanikāyādippakāre suttantapiṭake, nāpi paññattiniddesabhūte vinayapiṭaketi. Dīghabhāṇakā ‘‘jātakādīnaṃ
abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaho’’ti vadanti. Cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsānañcettha aggahaṇaṃ jātakagatikattā. Majjhimabhāṇakā
pana aṭṭhuppattivasena desitānaṃ jātakādīnaṃ yathānulomadesanābhāvato tādise suttantapiṭake saṅgaho yutto, na pana
sabhāvadhammaniddesabhūte yathādhammasāsane abhidhammapiṭaketi jātakādīnaṃ suttapariyāpannataṃ vadanti. Tattha
yuttaṃ vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ. Khuddakanikāyassa sesanikāyānaṃ viya apākaṭattā sese ṭhapetvā khuddakanikāyaṃ
pākaṭaṃ katvā dassento ‘‘tattha khuddakanikāyo nāmā’’ tiādimāha. Tatthāti tesu nikāyesu. Tatthāti khuddakanikāye.
Evaṃ nimittapayojanakāladesakārakakaraṇappakārehi paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassetvā idāni tattha vavatthāpitesu
dhammavinayesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ ekavidhādibhede dassetuṃ ‘‘tadetaṃ sabbampī’’ tiādimāha. Tattha
anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhi nti ettha anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca
anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. Paccavekkhantena vāti udānādivasena pavattadhammaṃ sandhāyāha.
Vimuttirasa nti arahattaphalassādaṃ vimuttisampattikaṃ vā aggaphalanipphādanato, vimuttikiccaṃ vā kilesānaṃ
accantavimuttisampādanato.
Kiñcāpi avisesena sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ kilesavinayanena vinayo, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyapatanādito
dhāraṇena dhammo ca hoti, idhādhippete pana dhammavinaye niddhāretuṃ ‘‘tattha vinayapiṭaka’’ ntiādimāha.
Khandhādivasena sabhāvadhammadesanābāhullato āha ‘‘avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo’’ ti. Atha vā yadipi
dhammoyeva vinayo pariyattiādibhāvato, tathāpi vinayasaddasannidhāno abhinnādhikaraṇabhāvena payutto dhammasaddo
vinayatantiviparītaṃ tantiṃ dīpeti yathā ‘‘puññañāṇasambhāro, gobalībadda’’ntiādi.
Anekajātisaṃsāra nti ayaṃ gāthā bhagavatā attano sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ arahattappattiṃ paccavekkhantena
ekūnavīsatimassa paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa anantaraṃ bhāsitā. Tenāha ‘‘idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacana’’ nti. Idaṃ kira
sabbabuddhehi avijahitaudānaṃ. Ayamassa saṅkhepattho (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.154) – ahaṃ imassa attabhāvagehassa kārakaṃ
taṇhāvaḍḍhakiṃ gavesanto yena ñāṇena taṃ daṭṭhuṃ sakkā, tassa bodhiñāṇassatthāya dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhāro
ettakaṃ kālaṃ anekajātisaṃsāraṃ anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ anibbisaṃanibbisanto taṃ ñāṇaṃ
avindanto alabhantoyeva sandhāvissaṃsaṃsariṃ. Yasmā jarābyādhimaraṇamissatāya jāti nāmesā punappunaṃ
upagantuṃ dukkhā, na ca sā tasmiṃ adiṭṭhe nivattati, tasmā taṃ gavesanto sandhāvissanti attho.
Diṭṭhosīti idāni mayā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhantena diṭṭho asi. Puna geha nti puna imaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ
mama gehaṃ na kāhasi na karissasi. Tava sabbāanavasesā kilesa phāsukāmayā bhaggā. Imassa tayā katassa
attabhāvagehassa kūṭaṃ avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ kaṇṇikamaṇḍalaṃ visaṅkhataṃviddhaṃsitaṃ. Visaṅkhāraṃnibbānaṃ
ārammaṇakaraṇavasena gataṃanupaviṭṭhaṃ idāni mama cittaṃ,ahañca taṇhānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ
arahattaphalaṃ vā ajjhagāadhigato pattosmīti attho. Gaṇṭhipadesu pana ‘‘visaṅkhāragatanti cittameva taṇhānaṃ
khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ arahattaphalaṃ vā ajjhagā adhigato patto’’ti evampi attho vutto. Ayaṃ manasā
pavattitadhammānaṃ ādi. ‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammāti ayaṃ pana vācāya pavattitadhammānaṃ ādī’’ti vadanti.
Antojappanavasena kira bhagavā ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’ntiādimāha.
Kecīti khandhakabhāṇakā. Paṭhamaṃ vutto pana dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ adhippāyoti veditabbo. Ettha ca
khandhakabhāṇakā vadanti ‘‘dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ gāthā manasā desitattā tadā mahato janassa upakārāya na hoti,
amhākaṃ pana gāthā vacībhedaṃ katvā desitattā tadā suṇantānaṃ devabrahmānaṃ upakārāya ahosi, tasmā idameva
paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti. Dhammapadabhāṇakā pana ‘‘desanāya janassa upakārānupakārabhāvo lakkhaṇaṃ na hoti,
bhagavatā manasā desitattāyeva idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti vadanti, tasmā ubhayampi aññamaññaṃ viruddhaṃ na
hotīti veditabbaṃ. Nanu ca yadi ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’nti manasā desitaṃ, atha kasmā dhammapadaaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dha. pa.
aṭṭha. 2.153-154) ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāranti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā bodhirukkhamūle nisinno udānavasena udānetvā
aparabhāge ānandattherena puṭṭho kathesī’’ti vuttanti? Tatthāpi manasā udānetvāti evamattho gahetabbo. Atha vā
manasāva desitanti evaṃ gahaṇe kiṃ kāraṇanti ce? Yadi vacībhedaṃ katvā desitaṃ siyā, udānapāḷiyaṃ āruḷhaṃ bhaveyya,
tasmā udānapāḷiyaṃ anāruḷhabhāvoyeva vacībhedaṃ akatvā manasā desitabhāve kāraṇanti vadanti.

Yad ā have p ātubhavanti dhamm āti ettha iti saddo ādiattho. Tena ‘‘ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa, athassa kaṅkhā
vapayanti sabbā. Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti ādigāthāttayaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Udānagātha nti pana jātiyā ekavacanaṃ,
tatthāpi paṭhamagāthaṃyeva vā gahetvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ettha pana yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ khandhake āvi bhavissati.
Pāṭipadadivase ti idaṃ ‘‘sabbaññubhāvappattassā’’ti na etena sambandhitabbaṃ, ‘‘paccavekkhantassa uppannā’’ti etena
pana sambandhitabbaṃ. Visākhapuṇṇamāyameva hi bhagavā paccūsasamaye sabbaññutaṃ pattoti.
Somanassamayañāṇenāti somanassasampayuttañāṇena. Āmantayāmīti nivedayāmi, bodhemīti attho. Vayadhammā ti
aniccalakkhaṇamukhena dukkhānattalakkhaṇampi saṅkhārānaṃ vibhāveti ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ
tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) vacanato. Lakkhaṇattayavibhāvananayeneva tadārammaṇaṃ vipassanaṃ dassento
sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ buddhāveṇikaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānaṃ aviparītaṃ nibbānagāminiṃ
paṭipadaṃ pakāsetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idāni tattha sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojeti ‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’ ti. Atha vā
‘‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā’’ti etena saṅkhepena saṃvejetvā ‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’ti saṅkhepeneva niravasesaṃ
sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Appamādapadañhi sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ sāsanaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhatīti.
Antare ti antarāḷe, vemajjheti attho.
Suttantapiṭaka nti ettha yathā kammameva kammantaṃ, evaṃ suttameva suttantanti veditabbaṃ. Asaṅgīta nti
saṅgītikkhandhakakathāvatthuppakaraṇādi. Keci pana ‘‘subhasuttampi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ asaṅgīta’’nti vadanti, taṃ na
yujjati. ‘‘Paṭhamasaṅgītito puretarameva hi āyasmatā ānandattherena jetavane viharantena subhassa māṇavassa desita’’nti
ācariyadhammapālattherena vuttaṃ. Subhasuttaṃ pana ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ
viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme aciraparinibbute bhagavatī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.444) āgataṃ. Tattha ‘‘evaṃ me
suta’’ntiādivacanaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ āyasmatā ānandatthereneva vattuṃ yuttarūpaṃ na hoti. Na hi ānandatthero
sayameva subhasuttaṃ desetvā ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādīni vadati. Evaṃ pana vattabbaṃ siyā ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhante,
samayaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ viharāmi jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’’ti, tasmā dutiyatatiyasaṅgītikārakehi ‘‘evaṃ me
suta’’ntiādinā subhasuttaṃ saṅgītimāropitaṃ viya dissati. Atha ācariyadhammapālattherassa evamadhippāyo siyā
‘‘ānandatthereneva vuttampi subhasuttaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiṃ āropetvā tantiṃ ṭhapetukāmehi mahākassapattherādīhi aññesu
suttesu āgatanayeneva ‘evaṃ me suta’ntiādinā tanti ṭhapitā’’ti, evaṃ sati yujjeyya. Atha vā āyasmā ānandatthero
subhasuttaṃ sayaṃ desentopi sāmaññaphalādīsu bhagavatā desitanayeneva desesīti bhagavato sammukhā laddhanaye
ṭhatvā desitattā bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ attani adahanto ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādimāhāti evamadhippāyo veditabbo.
Ubhayāni pātimokkhānīti bhikkhubhikkhunīpātimokkhavasena. Dve vibhaṅgānīti
bhikkhubhikkhunīvibhaṅgavaseneva dve vibhaṅgāni. Dvāvīsati khandhakānīti mahāvaggacūḷavaggesu āgatāni dvāvīsati
khandhakāni. Soḷasaparivārāti soḷasahi parivārehi upalakkhitattā soḷasaparivārāti vuttaṃ. Tathā hi parivārapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yaṃ
tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā (pari. 1)
paññattivāro, tato paraṃ ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto kati āpattiyo āpajjatī’’tiādinā (pari. 157) katāpattivāro,
‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 182)
vipattivāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi
saṅgahitā’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 183) saṅgahavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo channaṃ
āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhantī’’tiādinā (pari. 184) samuṭṭhānavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ
paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇa’’ntiādinā (pari. 185) adhikaraṇavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ
dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katihi samathehi sammantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 186)
samathavāro, tadanantaraṃ samuccayavāro cāti aṭṭha vārā vuttā. Tato paraṃ ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanapaccayā
pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā (pari. 188) nayena puna paccayavasena eko paññattivāro, tassa vasena purimasadisā
eva katāpattivārādayo satta vārāti evaṃ aparepi aṭṭha vārā vuttā. Iti imāni aṭṭha, purimānipi aṭṭhāti mahāvibhaṅge soḷasa
vārā dassitā. Tato paraṃ teneva nayena bhikkhunivibhaṅgepi soḷasa vārā āgatāti imehi soḷasahi vārehi upalakkhitattā
soḷasaparivārāti vuccati. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘parivāro’’ti ettakameva dissati, bahūsu pana potthakesu
dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyañca ‘‘soḷasaparivārā’’ti evameva vuttattā ayampi pāṭho na sakkā
paṭibāhitunti tassevattho vutto.
Brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho ti brahmajālasuttādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni saṅgayhanti ettha, etenāti vā
brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho. Vuttappamāṇānaṃ vā suttānaṃ saṅgaho etassāti
brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgahoti. Evaṃ sesesupi veditabbaṃ.
Vividhavisesanayattāti imissā gāthāya atthaṃ vibhāvento āha ‘‘vividhā hī’’ tiādi.
Daḷhīkammasithilakaraṇappayojanāti yathākkamaṃ lokavajjesu sikkhāpadesu daḷhīkammappayojanā, paṇṇattivajjesu
sithilakaraṇappayojanāti veditabbaṃ. Ajjhācāranisedhanato ti saññamavelaṃ atibhavitvā pavatto ācāro ajjhācāro,
vītikkamo, tassa nisedhanatoti attho. Tenāti vividhanayattādihetunā. Eta nti ‘‘vividhavisesanayattā’’tiādigāthāvacanaṃ.
Etassāti vinayassa. Itaraṃ panāti suttaṃ.
Idāni atthānaṃ sūcanato tiādigāthāya atthaṃ pakāsento āha ‘‘tañhī’’ tiādi. Attatthaparatthādibhede ti yo taṃ
suttaṃ sajjhāyati suṇāti vāceti cinteti deseti ca, suttena saṅgahito sīlādiattho tassapi hoti, tena parassa sādhetabbato
parassapi hotīti tadubhayaṃ taṃ suttaṃ sūceti dīpeti. Tathā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe lokiyalokuttaratthe cāti