Nettippakaraṇa-aṭṭhakathā

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm āsambuddhassa
Khuddakanikāye
Nettippakaraṇa-aṭṭhakathā
Ganthārambhakathā
Mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ,ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ;
Vande nipuṇagambhīra-vicitranayadesanaṃ.
Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena niyyanti lokato;
Vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ,sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.
Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;
Vande ariyasaṅghaṃtaṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.
Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;
Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.
Ṭhitiṃ ākaṅkhamānena, ciraṃ saddhammanettiyā;
Dhammarakkhita nāmena, therena abhiyācito.
Padumuttaranāthassa, pādamūle pavattitaṃ;
Passatā abhinīhāraṃ, sampattaṃ yassa matthakaṃ.
Saṃkhittaṃ vibhajantānaṃ, eso aggoti tādinā;
Ṭhapito etadaggasmiṃ, yo mahāsāvakuttamo.
Chaḷabhiñño vasippatto, pabhinnapaṭisambhido;
Mahākaccāyano thero, sambuddhena pasaṃsito.
Tena yā bhāsitā netti, satthārā anumoditā;
Sāsanassa sadāyattā, navaṅgassatthavaṇṇanā.
Tassā gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāhetabbabhāvato;
Kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.
Saha saṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthusāsanaṃ;
Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo.
Tasmā tamupanissāya, ogāhetvāna pañcapi;
Nikāye peṭakenāpi, saṃsanditvā yathābalaṃ.
Suvisuddhamasaṃkiṇṇaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, samayaṃ avilomayaṃ.
Pamādalekhaṃ vajjetvā, pāḷiṃ sammā niyojayaṃ;
Upadesaṃ vibhāvento, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti attha ṃ asa ṅki ṇṇ aṃ , nettippakara ṇassa me;
Vibhajantassa sakkaccaṃ, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.
Tattha kenaṭṭhena netti? Saddhammanayanaṭṭhena netti. Yathā hi taṇhā satte kāmādibhavaṃ nayatīti
‘‘bhavanettī’’ti vuccati, evamayampi veneyyasatte ariyadhammaṃ nayatīti saddhammanayanaṭṭhena
‘‘nettī’’ti vuccati. Atha vā nayanti tāyāti netti. Nettippakaraṇena hi karaṇabhūtena dhammakathikā
veneyyasatte dassanamaggaṃ nayanti sampāpentīti, nīyanti vā ettha etasmiṃ pakaraṇe adhiṭṭhānabhūte
patiṭṭhāpetvā veneyyā nibbānaṃ sampāpiyantīti netti. Na hi nettiupadesasannissayena vinā
aviparītasuttatthāvabodho sambhavati. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘tasmā nibbāyitukāmenā’’tiādi. Sabbāpi hi
suttassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā nettiupadesāyattā, netti ca suttappabhavā, suttaṃ
sammāsambuddhappabhavanti.
Sā panāyaṃ netti pakaraṇaparicchedato tippabhedā hāranayapaṭṭhānānaṃ vasena. Paṭhamañhi
hāravicāro, tato nayavicāro, pacchā paṭṭhānavicāroti. Pāḷivavatthānato pana
saṅgahavāravibhāgavāravasena duvidhā. Sabbāpi hi netti saṅgahavāro vibhāgavāroti vāradvayameva hoti.
Tattha saṅgahavāro ādito pañcahi gāthāhi paricchinno. Sabbo hi pakaraṇattho ‘‘yaṃ loko
pūjayate’’tiādīhi pañcahi gāthāhi apariggahito nāma natthi. Nanu cettha paṭṭhānaṃ asaṅgahitanti?
Nayidameva ṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, mūlapadaggahaṇena paṭṭhānassa saṅgahitattā. Tathā hi vakkhati – ‘‘aṭṭhārasa
mūlapadā kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbā sāsanapaṭṭhāne’’ti. Mūlapadapaṭṭhānāni hi atthanayasaṅkhārattikā viya
aññamaññaṃ saṅgahitāni.
Vibhāgavāro pana uddesaniddesapaṭiniddesavasena tividho. Tesu ‘‘tattha katame soḷasa hārā’’ti
ārabhitvā yāva ‘‘bhavanti aṭṭhārasa padānī’’ti ayaṃ uddesavāro. ‘‘Assādādīnavatā’’ti ārabhitvā yāva
‘‘tettiṃsā ettikā nettī’’ti ayaṃ niddesavāro. Paṭiniddesavāro pana hāravibhaṅgavāro hārasampātavāro
nayasamuṭṭhānavāro sāsanapaṭṭhānavāroti catubbidho. Tesu ‘‘tattha katamo desanāhāro’’ti ārabhitvā yāva
‘‘ayaṃ pahānena samāropanā’’ti ayaṃ hāravibhaṅgavāro. Tattha ‘‘katamo desanāhārasampāto’’ti
ārabhitvā yāva ‘‘anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātū’’ti ayaṃ hārasampātavāro. Etthāha –
hāravibhaṅgahārasampātavārānaṃ kiṃ nānākaraṇanti? Vuccate – yattha anekehipi udāharaṇasuttehi eko
hāro niddisīyati, ayaṃ hāravibhaṅgavāro. Yattha pana ekasmiṃ sutte aneke hārā sampatanti, ayaṃ
hārasampātavāro. Vuttañhetaṃ peṭake –
‘‘Yattha ca sabbe hārā, sampatamānā nayanti suttatthaṃ;
Byañjanavidhiputhuttā, sā bhūmī hārasampāto’’ti.
Nayasamuṭṭhānasāsanapaṭṭhānavāravibhāgo pākaṭo eva. Sāsanapaṭṭhānavāro pana saṅgahavāre viya
uddesaniddesavāresupi na sarūpato uddhaṭoti. Etthāha – ‘‘idaṃ nettippakaraṇaṃ mahāsāvakabhāsitaṃ,
bhagavatā anumodita’’nti ca kathametaṃ viññāyatīti? Pāḷito eva. Na hi pāḷito aññaṃ pamāṇataraṃ atthi.
Yā hi catūhi mahāpadesehi aviruddhā pāḷi, sā pamāṇaṃ. Tathā hi agarahitāya ācariyaparamparāya
peṭakopadeso viya idaṃ nettippakaraṇaṃ ābhataṃ. Yadi evaṃ kasmāssa nidānaṃ na vuttaṃ.
Sāvakabhāsitānampi hi subhasutta-(dī. ni. 1.444 ādayo) anaṅgaṇasutta-(ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo)
kaccāyanasaṃyuttādīnaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitanti? Nayidaṃ ekantikaṃ. Sāvakabhāsitānaṃ
buddhabhāsitānampi hi ekaccānaṃ paṭisambhidāmagganiddesādīnaṃ dhammapadabuddhavaṃsādīnañca
nidānaṃ na bhāsitaṃ, na ca tāvatā tāni appamāṇaṃ, evamidhāpi daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Nidānañca nāma suttavinayānaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaupālittherādīhi mahāsāvakeheva bhāsitaṃ,
idañca mahāsāvakabhāsitaṃ, theraṃ muñcitvā anaññavisayattā imissā vicāraṇāyāti kimetena
nidānagavesanena, atthoyevettha gavesitabbo, yo pāḷiyā aviruddhoti. Atha vā pāḷiyā
atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhāvato na imassa pakaraṇassa visuṃ nidānavacanakiccaṃ atthi,
pa ṭisambhid āmagganiddes ādīna ṃ viy āti da ṭṭ habba ṃ .

Id āni etasmi ṃ pakara ṇe n ānappak ārakosallattha ṃ aya ṃ vibh āgo veditabbo – sabbameva ceta ṃ
pakaraṇaṃ sāsanapariyeṭṭhibhāvato ekavidhaṃ, tathā ariyamaggasampādanato vimuttirasato ca.
Byañjanatthavicārabhāvato duvidhaṃ, tathā saṅgahavibhāgabhāvato dhammavinayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato
lokiyalokuttaratthasaṅgahaṇato rūpārūpadhammapariggāhakato lakkhaṇalakkhiyabhāvato
pavattinivattivacanato sabhāgavisabhāganiddesato sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇadhammavibhāgato ca.
Tividhaṃ puggalattayaniddesato tividhakalyāṇavibhāgato pariññattayakathanato
pahānattayūpadesato sikkhattayasaṅgahaṇato tividhasaṃkilesavisodhanato mūlagītianugītisaṅgītibhedato
piṭakattayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato hāranayapaṭṭhānappabhedato ca.
Catubbidhaṃ catuppaṭisambhidāvisayato catunayadesanato
dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīrabhāvato ca. Pañcavidhaṃ abhiññeyyādidhammavibhāgato
pañcakkhandhaniddesato pañcagatiparicchedato pañcanikāyatthavivaraṇato ca. Chabbidhaṃ
chaḷārammaṇavibhāgato chaajjhattikabāhirāyatanavibhāgato ca. Sattavidhaṃ
sattaviññāṇaṭṭhitiparicchedato. Navavidhaṃ suttādinavaṅganiddesato. Cuddasavidhaṃ
suttādhiṭṭhānavibhāgato. Soḷasavidhaṃ aṭṭhavīsatividhañca sāsanapaṭṭhānappabhedato.
Caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ caturāsītisahassadhammakkhandhavicārabhāvatotiādinā nayena
pakaraṇavibhāgo veditabbo.
Tattha sāsanapariyeṭṭhibhāvato ti sakalaṃ nettippakaraṇaṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahassa navaṅgassa
satthusāsanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhāvato. Ariyamaggasampādanato ti
dassanabhūmibhāvanābhūmisampādanato. Vimuttirasato ti sāsanassa amatapariyosānattā vuttaṃ.
Byañjanatthavicārabhāvato ti hārabyañjanapadakammanayānaṃ byañjanavicārattā
atthapadaatthanayānaṃ atthavicārattā vuttaṃ. Saṅgahavibhāgabhāvo parato āvi bhavissati.
Dhammavinayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato ti sakalassāpi pariyattisāsanassa dhammavinayabhāvato vuttaṃ.
Lakkhaṇalakkhiyabhāvato ti nettivacanassa lakkhaṇattā udāharaṇasuttānañca lakkhiyattā vuttaṃ.
Sabhāgavisabhāganiddesato ti samānajātiyā dhammā sabhāgā, paṭipakkhā visabhāgā,
taṃvicārabhāvatoti attho. Sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇadhammavibhāgato ti
pahānekaṭṭhasahajekaṭṭhatādisāmaññena ye dhammā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmavatthādinā sādhāraṇā
tabbidhuratāya asādhāraṇā ca, taṃvibhāgato duvidhanti attho.
Puggalattayaniddesato ti ugghaṭitaññuādi puggalattayaniddesato. Tividhakalyāṇavibhāgato ti
ādikalyāṇādivibhāgato. Mūlagītianugītisaṅgītibhedato ti paṭhamaṃ vacanaṃ mūlagīti, vuttasseva
atthassa saṅgahagāthā anugīti, taṃtaṃsuttatthayojanavasena vippakiṇṇassa pakaraṇassa saṅgāyanaṃ
saṅgīti, sā therassa parato pavattitāti veditabbā, etāsaṃ tissannaṃ bhedato tividhanti attho.
Pañcakkhandhaniddesato ti rūpādipañcakkhandhasīlādipañcadhammakkhandhaniddesato pañcavidhanti
attho. Suttādhiṭṭhānavibhāgato ti lobhadosamohānaṃ alobhādosāmohānaṃ kāyavacīmanokammānaṃ
saddhādipañcindriyānañca vasena cuddasavidhassa suttādhiṭṭhānassa vibhāgavacanato cuddasavidhanti
attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyanti na papañcitaṃ.
1. Saṅgahavāravaṇṇanā
Evaṃ anekabhedavibhatte nettippakaraṇe yadidaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅgahavibhāgavāravasena
duvidha’’nti, tattha saṅgahavāro ādi. Tassāpi ‘‘yaṃ loko pūjayate’’ ti ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tattha ya nti
aniyamato upayoganiddeso, tassa ‘‘tassā’’ti iminā niyamanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Loko ti kattuniddeso.
Pūjayate ti kiriyāniddeso. Salokapālo ti kattuvisesanaṃ. Sadāti kālaniddeso. Namassati cāti upacayena
kiriyāniddeso. Tassāti sāminiddeso. Eta nti paccattaniddeso. Sāsanavara nti paccattaniddesena
niddiṭṭhadhammanidassanaṃ. Vidūhīti karaṇavacanena kattuniddeso. Ñeyya nti
kammavācakakiriyāniddeso. Naravarassāti ‘‘tassā’’ti niyametvā dassitassa sarūpato dassanaṃ.
Tattha lokiyanti ettha puññ āpuññ āni tabbip āko c āti loko, paj ā, sattanik āyoti attho. Loka -saddo hi

jātisaddat āya s āmaññavasena niravasesato satte sa ṅga ṇhāti. Kiñc āpi hi lokasaddo
saṅkhārabhājanesupi diṭṭhappayogo, pūjanakiriyāyogyabhūtatāvasena pana sattalokavacano eva idha
gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pūjayate ti mānayati, apacāyatīti attho.
Lokaṃ pālentīti lokapālā, cattāro mahārājāno. Lokiyā pana indayamavaruṇakuverā lokapālāti
vadanti. Saha lokapālehīti salokapālo,‘‘loko’’ti iminā tulyādhikaraṇaṃ. Atha vā issariyādhipaccena
taṃtaṃsattalokassa pālanato rakkhaṇato
khattiyacatumahārājasakkasuyāmasantusitasunimmitaparanimmitavasavattimahābrahmādayo lokapālā.
Tehi saha taṃtaṃsattanikāyo salokapālo lokoti vutto. Atha vā ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, sukkā dhammā lokaṃ
pālentī’’ti (a. ni. 2.9; itivu. 42) vacanato hirottappadhammā lokapālā. Tehi samannāgato loko salokapālo .
Hirottappasampannā hi pāpagarahino sappurisā dhammacchandavantatāya bhagavati pūjānamakkāraparā
hontīti.
Sadāti sabbakālaṃ rattiñceva divā ca, sadāti vā bhagavato dharamānakāle tato parañca. Atha vā
sadāti abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva sāsanantaradhānā, tato parampi vā. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi
mahābodhisattā bodhiyā niyatatāya buddhaṅkurabhūtā sadevakassa lokassa pūjanīyā ceva vandanīyā ca
honti. Yathāha bhagavā sumedhabhūto –
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādamuddhari.
‘‘Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, padakkhiṇamakaṃsu maṃ;
Devā manussā asurā ca, abhivādetvāna pakkamu’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.75-76);
Namassati cāti keci kesañci pūjāsakkārādīni karontāpi tesaṃ apākaṭaguṇatāya namakkāraṃ na
karonti, na evaṃ bhagavato, yathābhūtaabbhuggatakittisaddatāya pana bhagavantaṃ sadevako loko
pūjayati ceva namassati cāti attho. ‘‘Sadā naramanusso’’ti keci paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Tassāti yaṃ
sadevako loko pūjayati ceva namassati ca, tassa. Eta nti idāni vattabbaṃ buddhiyaṃ viparivattamānaṃ
sāmaññena dasseti. Sāsanavara nti taṃ sarūpato dasseti. Tattha diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi
yathārahaṃ satte sāsati vineti etenāti sāsanaṃ, tadeva ekantaniyyānaṭṭhena anaññasādhāraṇaguṇatāya ca
uttamaṭṭhena taṃtaṃabhipatthitasamiddhihetutāya paṇḍitehi varitabbato vā varaṃ, sāsanameva varanti
sāsanavaraṃ. Vidūhīti yathāsabhāvato kammakammaphalāni kusalādibhede ca dhamme vidantīti vidū,
paṇḍitamanussā, tehi. Ñātabbaṃ, ñāṇamarahatīti vā ñeyyaṃ. Naravarassāti purisavarassa,
aggapuggalassāti attho.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo anaññasādhāraṇamahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiguṇavisesayogena
sadevakena lokena pūjanīyo namassanīyo ca bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, tassa loke
uttamapuggalassa etaṃ idāni amhehi vibhajitabbahāranayapaṭṭhānavicāraṇavisayabhūtaṃ sāsanaṃ
ādikalyāṇatādiguṇasampattiyā varaṃ aggaṃ uttamaṃ nipuṇañāṇagocaratāya paṇḍitavedanīyamevāti.
Bhagavato hi vacanaṃ ekagāthāmattampi
saccapaṭiccasamuppādakhandhāyatanadhātindriyasatipaṭṭhānādisabhāvadhammaniddhāraṇakkhamatāya
soḷasahārapañcanayasoḷasaaṭṭhavīsatividhapaṭṭhānavicārayogyabhāvena ca paramagambhīraṃ atthato
agādhapāraṃ saṇhasukhumañāṇavisayamevāti. Tenevāha – ‘‘paññavantassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ
dhammo duppaññassā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.358; a. ni. 8.30). Atha vā bhagavato sāsanaṃ pariññākkamena
lakkhaṇāvabodhappaṭipattiyā suññatamukhādīhi ogāhitabbattā aviññūnaṃ supinantenapi na visayo hotīti
āha –‘‘vidūhi ñeyya’’ nti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ – ‘‘etu viññū puriso’’tiādi.
Apare pana ‘‘taṃ tassa sāsanavara’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ matena yaṃ-saddo sāsana-saddena
samānādhikaraṇoti daṭṭhabbo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yaṃ sāsanavaraṃ salokapālo loko pūjayati namassati ca,
taṃ sāsanavaraṃ vidūhi ñātabbanti. Imasmiñca naye lokapāla-saddena bhagavāpi vuccati. Bhagavā hi
lokaggatāyakattā nippariyāyena lokapālo, tasmā ‘‘tassā’’ti lokapālassa satthunoti attho. Salokapāloti

cettha lokap āla -saddo gu ṇī bh ūtopi satthuvisayatt ā sāsana -sadd āpekkhat āya s āmibh āvena
sambandhīvisesabhūto padhānabhūto viya paṭiniddesaṃ arahatīti.
Kathaṃ pana sayaṃ dhammassāmī bhagavā dhammaṃ pūjayatīti? Nāyaṃ virodho. Dhammagaruno
hi buddhā bhagavanto, te sabbakālaṃ dhammaṃ apacāyamānāva viharantīti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho, tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā
upanissāya vihareyya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.173; a. ni. 4.21).
Api ca bhagavato dhammapūjanā sattasattāhappaṭipattiādīhi dīpetabbā. Dhammassāmīti ca
dhammena sadevakassa lokassa sāmīti attho, na dhammassa sāmīti. Evampi namassatīti vacanaṃ na
yujjati. Na hi bhagavā kañci namassatīti, esopi niddoso. Na hi namassatīti padassa namakkāraṃ karotīti
ayameva attho, atha kho garukaraṇena tanninno tappoṇo tappabbhāroti ayampi attho labbhati. Bhagavā ca
dhammagarutāya sabbakālaṃ dhammaninnapoṇapabbhārabhāvena viharatīti. Ayañca attho ‘‘yena sudaṃ
svāhaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.387) evamādīhi suttapadehi dīpetabbo. ‘‘Vidūhi neyya’’ntipi
pāṭho, tassa paṇḍitehi saparasantānesu netabbaṃ pāpetabbanti attho. Tattha attasantāne pāpanaṃ
bujjhanaṃ, parasantāne bodhananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ bhagavato sadevakassa lokassa pūjanīyavandanīyabhāvo aggapuggalabhāvo ca vuccamāno
guṇavisiṭṭhataṃ dīpeti, sā ca guṇavisiṭṭhatā mahābodhiyā veditabbā. Āsavakkhayañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi
sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānañca āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ ‘‘mahābodhī’’ti vuccati. Sā
aviparītadhammadesanato tathāgate suppatiṭṭhitāti viññāyati. Na hi savāsananiravasesakilesappahānaṃ
anāvaraṇañāṇañca vinā tādisī dhammadesanā sambhavati. Iccassa catuvesārajjayogo. Tena
dasabalachaasādhāraṇañāṇaaṭṭhārasāveṇikabuddhadhammādisakalasabbaññuguṇapāripūrī pakāsitā hoti.
Etādisī ca guṇavibhūti mahākaruṇāpubbaṅgamaṃ abhinīhārasampattiṃ purassaraṃ katvā sampāditaṃ
samattiṃsapāramisaṅkhātaṃ puññañāṇasambhāramantarena na upalabbhatīti hetusampadāpi atthato
vibhāvitā hotīti evaṃ bhagavato tīsupi avatthāsu sabbasattānaṃ ekantahitappaṭilābhahetubhūtā
ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā niravasesā buddhaguṇā imāya gāthāya pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ.
Dutiyanaye pana yasmā sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ saphalaṃ ariyamaggasāsanaṃ tassa
ārammaṇabhūtañca amatadhātuṃ tadadhigamūpāyañca pubbabhāgapaṭipattisāsanaṃ
tadatthaparidīpanañca pariyattisāsanaṃ yathārahaṃ saccābhisamayavasena abhisamento
svākkhātatādiguṇavisesayuttataṃ manasikaronto sakkaccaṃ savanadhāraṇaparipucchādīhi paricayaṃ
karonto ca sadevako loko pūjayati nāma. Lokanātho ca sammāsambodhippattiyā veneyyānaṃ sakkaccaṃ
dhammadesanena ‘‘ariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhiṃ desessāmi’’ (ma. ni. 3.136; saṃ. ni. 5.28;
peṭako. 24), ‘‘maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho’’ (dha. pa. 273; kathā. 872; netti. 125; peṭako. 30), ‘‘yāvatā,
bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati’’ (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34),
‘‘khayaṃ virāgaṃ amataṃ paṇītaṃ’’ (khu. pā. 6.4; su. ni. 227), ‘‘ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo
sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’ (dī. ni. 2.373; ma. ni. 1.106; saṃ. ni. 5.367), ‘‘dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi
ādikalyāṇa’’ntiādīhi (ma. ni. 3.420; netti. 5) vacanehi thomanena ca pūjayati nāma. Tasmā sāsanavarassa
pūjanīyabhāvo idha vuccamāno anavasesato dhammaguṇe dīpetīti ye ariyabhāvādayo niyyānādayo
khayavirāgādayo madanimmadanādayo asaṅkhatādayo svākkhātatādayo ādikalyāṇatādayo ca anekehi
suttapadehi paveditā aneke dhammaguṇā, te niravasesato imāya gāthāya pakāsitāti veditabbā.
Yasmā pana ariyasaccappaṭivedhena samugghāṭitasammohāyeva paramatthato paṇḍitā
bālyādisamatikkamanato, tasmā bhāvitalokuttaramaggā sacchikatasāmaññaphalā ca ariyapuggalā visesato
vidūti vuccanti. Te hi yathāvuttasāsanavaraṃ aviparītato ñātuṃ netuñca saparasantāne sakkuṇantīti
aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūhassa paramatthasaṅghassāpi idha gahitattā ye suppaṭipannatādayo anekehi
suttapadehi saṃvaṇṇitā ariyasaṅghaguṇā, tepi niravasesato idha pakāsitāti veditabbā.
Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya sātisayaṃ ratanattayaguṇaparidīpanaṃ katvā idāni –
‘‘ Sabbap āpassa akara ṇaṃ , kusalassa upasampad ā;

Sacittapariyodapana ṃ, eta ṃ buddh āna s āsana ’’ nti. (d ī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183; netti. 30, 50, 116,
124) –
Vacanato saṅkhepato sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanaṃ, taṃ pana sikkhattayaṃ
ñāṇavisesavisayabhāvabhedato avatthābhedato ca tividhaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ? Sutamayañāṇagocaro ca yo
‘‘pariyattisaddhammo’’ti vuccati. Cintāmayañāṇagocaro ca yo ākāraparivitakkadiṭṭhinijjhānakkhantīhi
gahetabbākāro vimuttāyatanaviseso ‘‘paṭipattisaddhammo’’ti vuccati. Vipassanāñāṇādisahagato
bhāvanāmayañāṇagocaro ca yo ‘‘paṭivedhasaddhammo’’ti vuccati. Evaṃ tividhampi sāsanaṃ
sāsanavaranti padena saṅgaṇhitvā tattha yaṃ paṭhamaṃ, taṃ itaresaṃ adhigamūpāyoti
sabbasāsanamūlabhūtaṃ attano pakaraṇassa ca visayabhūtaṃ pariyattisāsanameva tāva saṅkhepato
vibhajanto ‘‘dvādasa padānī’’ ti gāthamāha.
Tattha dvādasāti gaṇanaparicchedo. Padānīti paricchinnadhammanidassanaṃ. Tesu byañjanapadāni
pajjati attho etehīti padāni. Atthapadāni pana pajjanti ñāyantīti padāni. Ubhayampi vā ubhayathā
yojetabbaṃ byañjanapadānampi aviparītaṃ paṭipajjitabbattā, atthapadānaṃ uttarivisesādhigamassa
kāraṇabhāvato, tāni padāni parato pāḷiyaññeva āvi bhavissantīti tattheva vaṇṇayissāma.
Atthasūcanādiatthato suttaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ saṅgahesu –
‘‘Atthānaṃ sūcanato, suvuttato savanatotha sūdanato;
Suttāṇā suttasabhāgato ca, ‘sutta’nti akkhāta’’nti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā);
Tadetaṃ tattha suttapiṭakavasena āgataṃ, idha pana piṭakattayavasena yojetabbaṃ. ‘‘Dvādasa
padāni sutta’’nti vuttaṃ, yaṃ pariyattisāsananti attho. Taṃ sabba nti taṃ ‘‘sutta’’nti vuttaṃ sakalaṃ
buddhavacanaṃ. Byañjanañca attho cāti byañjanañceva tadattho ca. Yato ‘‘dvādasa padāni sutta’’nti
vuttaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – atthasūcanādito suttaṃ pariyattidhammo, tañca sabbaṃ atthato dvādasa
padāni cha byañjanapadāni ceva cha atthapadāni cāti. Atha vā yadetaṃ ‘‘sāsanavara’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ
sabbaṃ suttaṃ, pariyattisāsanassa adhippetattā. Atthato pana dvādasa padāni,
byañjanatthapadasamudāyabhāvato. Yathāha – ‘‘byañjanañca attho cā’’ti. Taṃ viññeyyaṃ ubhaya nti
yasmiṃ byañjane atthe ca vacanavacanīyabhāvena sambandhe suttavohāro, tadubhayaṃ sarūpato
viññātabbaṃ tattha katamaṃ byañjanaṃ katamo atthoti? Tenevāha –‘‘ko attho byañjanaṃ
katama’’ nti.
Evaṃ ‘‘sāsanavara’’nti vuttassa suttassa pariyattibhāvaṃ tassa ca atthabyañjanapadabhāvena
veditabbataṃ dassetvā idāni tassa pavicayupāyaṃ nettippakaraṇaṃ padatthavibhāgena dassetuṃ
‘‘soḷasahārā’’ ti gāthamāha.
Tattha soḷasa hārā etissāti soḷasahārā. Pañcanayā aṭṭhārasamūlapadāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Atha
vā soḷasa hārā soḷasahārā. Evaṃ itaratthāpi. Hāranayamūlapadāni eva hi saṅkhepato vitthārato ca
bhāsitāni nettīti. Sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhīti sāsanassa atthapariyesanā, pariyattisāsanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanāti
attho, sakalasseva vā sāsanassa atthavicāraṇāti attho. Paṭipattipaṭivedhepi hi nettinayānusārena
adhigacchantīti. Mahakaccānenāti kaccoti purātano isi, tassa vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtoyaṃ mahāthero
‘‘kaccāno’’ti vuccati. Mahakaccānoti pana pūjāvacanaṃ, yathā mahāmoggallānoti,
‘‘kaccāyanagottaniddiṭṭhā’’tipi pāṭho. Ayañca gāthā nettiṃ saṅgāyantehi pakaraṇatthasaṅgaṇhanavasena
ṭhapitāti daṭṭhabbā. Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ hāravibhaṅgavāre taṃtaṃhāraniddesanigamane ‘‘tenāha
āyasmā’’tiādivacanaṃ, hārādisamudāyabhūtāyaṃ nettiyaṃ byañjanatthasamudāye ca sutte kiṃ kena
viciyatīti vicāraṇāyaṃ āha –‘‘hārā byañjanavicayo’’ tiādi.
Tattha soḷasapi hārā mūlapadaniddhāraṇamantarena byañjanamukheneva suttassa saṃvaṇṇanā honti,
na nayā viya mūlapadasaṅkhātasabhāvadhammaniddhāraṇamukhenāti te ‘‘byañjanavicayo suttassā’’ti
vutt ā. Atthanay ā pana yath āvuttaatthamukheneva suttassa atthasampa ṭipattiy ā hont īti āha –‘‘ nay ā tayo

ca suttattho ’’ ti. Ayañca vic āra ṇā paratopi āgamissati. Keci ‘‘ nayo c ā’’ ti pa ṭhanti, ta ṃ na sundara ṃ.
Ubhayaṃ pariggahīta nti hārā nayā cāti etaṃ ubhayaṃ suttassa atthaniddhāraṇavasena parisamantato
gahitaṃ sabbathā sutte yojitaṃ. Vuccati suttaṃvadati saṃvaṇṇeti. Kathaṃ? Yathāsuttaṃ
suttānurūpaṃ, yaṃ suttaṃ yathā saṃvaṇṇetabbaṃ, tathā saṃvaṇṇetīti attho. Yaṃ yaṃ suttanti vā
yath āsuttaṃ,sabbaṃ suttanti attho. Nettinayena hi saṃvaṇṇetuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ nāma suttaṃ natthīti.
Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘sāsanavaraṃ vidūhi ñeyya’’nti, tattha nettisaṃvaṇṇanāya visayabhūtaṃ
pariyattidhammameva pakārantarena niyametvā dassetuṃ ‘‘yā cevā’’ tiādi vuttaṃ.
Tattha atthesu kataparicchedo byañjanappabandho desanā, yo pāṭhoti vuccati. Tadattho desitaṃ tāya
desanāya pabodhitattā. Tadubhayañca vimuttāyatanasīsena paricayaṃ karontānaṃ
anupādāparinibbānapariyosānānaṃ sampattīnaṃ hetubhāvato ekantena viññeyyaṃ,
tadubhayavinimuttassa vā ñeyyassa abhāvato tadeva dvayaṃ viññeyyanti imamatthaṃ dasseti yā ceva…
pe… viññeyya nti. Tatrāti tasmiṃ vijānane sādhetabbe, nipphādetabbe cetaṃ bhummaṃ.
Ayamānupubbīti ayaṃ vakkhamānā anupubbi hāranayānaṃ anukkamo, anukkamena vakkhamānā
hāranayāti attho. Navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhīti suttādivasena navaṅgassa sāsanassa pariyesanā,
atthavicāraṇāti attho. Sāmiatthe vā etaṃ paccattaṃ navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhiyā anupubbīti. Atha vā
anupubbīti karaṇatthe paccattaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathāvuttavijānane sādhetabbe vakkhamānāya
hāranayānupubbiyā ayaṃ navavidhasuttantassa atthapariyesanāti.
Etthāha – kathaṃ panettha geyyaṅgādīnaṃ suttabhāvo, suttabhāve ca tesaṃ kathaṃ sāsanassa
navaṅgabhāvo. Yañca saṅgahesu vuccati ‘‘sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ
veyyākaraṇa’’nti, tathā ca sati suttaṅgameva na siyā. Athāpi visuṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ
(khu. pā. 5.1 ādayo; su. ni. 261 ādayo) suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā, gāthābhāvato dhammapadādīnaṃ viya,
geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā, sagāthakattā sagāthāvaggassa viya, tathā ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu
sagāthakappadesānanti. Vuccate –
Suttanti sāmaññavidhi, visesavidhayo pare;
Sanimittā niruḷhattā, sahatāññena nāññato.
Sabbassāpi hi buddhavacanassa suttanti ayaṃ sāmaññavidhi . Tathā hi ‘‘ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato
suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpannaṃ (pāci. 1242), sāvatthiyā suttavibhaṅge, sakavāde pañca
suttasatānī’’tiādivacanato vinayābhidhammapariyattivisesepi suttavohāro dissati. Tadekadesesu pana
geyyādayo visesavidhayo tena tena nimittena patiṭṭhitā. Tathā hi geyyassa sagāthakattaṃ
tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Lokepi hi sasilokaṃ sagāthakaṃ cuṇṇiyaganthaṃ geyya’’nti vadanti. Gāthāvirahe
pana sati pucchitvā vissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa. Pucchāvissajjanañhi ‘‘byākaraṇa’’nti vuccati.
Byākaraṇameva veyyākaraṇanti. Evaṃ sante sagāthakādīnampi pañhāvissajjanavasena pavattānaṃ
veyyākaraṇabhāvo āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati, geyyādisaññānaṃ anokāsabhāvato ‘‘gāthāvirahe satī’’ti
visesitattā ca. Tathā hi dhammapadādīsu kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu sagāthakattepi
somanassañāṇamayikagāthāyuttesu ‘‘vuttañheta’’ntiādivacanasambandhesu
abbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttesu ca suttavisesesu yathākkamaṃ
gāthāudānaitivuttakaabbhutadhammasaññā patiṭṭhitā, tathā satipi gāthābandhabhāve bhagavato atītāsu
jātīsu cariyānubhāvappakāsakesu jātakasaññā. Satipi pañhāvissajjanabhāve sagāthakatte ca kesuci
suttantesu vedassa labhāpanato vedallasaññā patiṭṭhitāti evaṃ tena tena sagāthakattādinā nimittena tesu
tesu suttavisesesu geyyaṅgādisaññā patiṭṭhitāti visesavidhayo suttaṅgato pare geyyādayo.
Yaṃ panettha geyyaṅgādinimittarahitaṃ suttaṃ, taṃ suttaṅgaṃ visesasaññāparihārena
sāmaññasaññāya pavattanatoti. Nanu ca sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇanti
suttaṅgaṃ na sambhavatīti codanā tadavatthā evāti? Na tadavatthā, sodhitattā. Sodhitañhi pubbe
gāthāvirahe sati pucchāvissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittanti. Yañca vuttaṃ –
‘‘gāthābhāvato maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā’’ti, tampi na, niruḷhattā. Niruḷho hi
maṅgalasuttādīsu suttabhāvo, na hi tāni dhammapadabuddhavaṃsādayo viya gāthābhāvena paññātāni,

kintu suttabh āveneva. Teneva hi aṭṭ hakath āya ṃ ‘‘ suttan āmaka ’’ nti n āmaggaha ṇaṃ kata ṃ.
Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sagāthakattā geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā’’ti, tadapi natthi, yasmā sahatāññena.
Saha gāthāhīti hi sagāthakaṃ. Sahabhāvo ca nāma atthato aññena hoti, na ca maṅgalasuttādīsu
gāthāvinimutto koci suttappadeso atthi. Yo saha gāthāhīti vucceyya, na ca samudāyo nāma koci atthi.
Yadapi vuttaṃ – ‘‘ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānaṃ geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā’’ti, tadapi na
aññato. Aññā eva hi tā gāthā, jātakādipariyāpannattā. Ato na tāhi ubhatovibhaṅgādīnaṃ geyyaṅgabhāvoti
evaṃ suttādīnaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññamaññasaṅkarābhāvo veditabbo. Yasmā pana sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ
yathāvuttanayena atthānaṃ sūcanādiatthena suttantveva vuccati, tasmā vuttaṃ –
‘‘navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhī’’ti.
Saṅgahavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Uddesavāravaṇṇanā
1. Evaṃ saṅgahavārena saṅkhepato dassite hārādayo idāni vibhāgena dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha katame
soḷasa hārā’’ tiādidesanā āraddhā. Tattha tatthāti yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘soḷasahārā nettī’’ti, tasmiṃ vacane,
tissaṃ vā gāthāyaṃ, yāni hāranayamūlapadāni uddhaṭāni, tesūti attho. Katame ti pucchāvacanaṃ. Pucchā
ca nāmesā pañcavidhā adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā vimaticchedanāpucchā
anumatipucchā kathetukamyatāpucchāti. Tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchā. Soḷasāti gaṇanavasena
paricchedo. Tena nesaṃ na tato uddhaṃ adho cāti etaparamataṃ dasseti. Sā cetaparamatā parato āvi
bhavissati. Hārāti gaṇanavasena paricchinnānaṃ sāmaññato dassanaṃ. Desanā vicayo tiādi
sarūpadassanaṃ.
Tattha kenaṭṭhena hārā? Harīyanti etehi, ettha vā suttageyyādivisayā aññāṇasaṃsayavipallāsāti hārā,
haranti vā sayaṃ tāni, haraṇamattameva vāti hārāphalūpacārena. Atha vā harīyanti voharīyanti
dhammasaṃvaṇṇakadhammapaṭiggāhakehi dhammassa dānaggahaṇavasenāti hārā. Atha vā hārā viyāti
hārā. Yathā hi anekaratanāvalisamūho hārasaṅkhāto attano avayavabhūtaratanasamphassehi
samuppajjanīyamānahilādasukho hutvā tadupabhogījanasarīrasantāpaṃ nidāghapariḷāhupajanitaṃ
vūpasameti, evametepi nānāvidhaparamattharatanappabandhā saṃvaṇṇanāvisesā attano
avayavabhūtaparamattharatanādhigamena samuppādiyamānanibbutisukhā
dhammapaṭiggāhakajanahadayaparitāpaṃ kāmarāgādikilesahetukaṃ vūpasamentīti. Atha vā hārayanti
aññāṇādīnaṃ hāraṃ apagamaṃ karonti ācikkhantīti vā hārā. Atha vā sotujanacittassa haraṇato ramaṇato
ca hārāniruttinayena, yathā – ‘‘bhavesu vantagamano bhagavā’’ti (visuddhi. 1.144; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.1
verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā). Ayaṃ tāva hārānaṃ sādhāraṇato attho.
Asādhāraṇato pana desīyati saṃvaṇṇīyati etāya suttatthoti desanā,desanāsahacaraṇato vā desanā.
Nanu ca aññepi h ārā desanāsaṅkhātassa suttassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanato desanāsahacārinovāti? Saccametaṃ,
ayaṃ pana hāro yebhuyyena yathārutavaseneva viññāyamāno desanāya saha caratīti vattabbataṃ arahati,
na tathā pare. Na hi assādādīnavanissaraṇādisandassanarahitā suttadesanā atthi.
Assādādisandassanavibhāvanalakkhaṇo cāyaṃ hāroti.
Viciyanti etena, ettha vā padapañhādayo, viciti eva vā tesanti vicayo . Pāḷiyaṃ pana vicinatīti
vicayoti ayamattho dassito.
Yuttīti upapattisādhanayutti, idha pana yuttivicāraṇā yutti uttarapadalopena ‘‘rūpabhavo rūpa’’nti
yathā, yuttisahacaraṇato vā. Idhāpi desanāhāre vuttanayena attho vitthāretabbo.
Padaṭṭhāna nti āsannakāraṇaṃ, idhāpi padaṭṭhānavicāraṇātiādi vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
Lakkhīyanti etena, ettha vā ekalakkhaṇā dhammā avuttāpi ekavacanenāti lakkhaṇaṃ.

Viy ūhīyanti vibh āgena pi ṇḍī yanti etena, ettha v āti by ūho. Nibbacan ādīna ṃ sutte dassiyam ānāna ṃ
catunnaṃ byūhoti catubyūho, catunnaṃ vā byūho etthāti catubyūho .
Āvaṭṭīyanti etena, ettha vā sabhāgā visabhāgā ca dhammā, tesaṃ vā āvaṭṭananti āvaṭṭo.
Vibhajīyanti etena, ettha vā sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇānaṃ saṃkilesavodānadhammānaṃ bhūmiyoti
vibhatti, vibhajanaṃ vā etesaṃ bhūmiyāti vibhatti .
Paṭipakkhavasena parivattīyanti iminā, ettha vā sutte vuttadhammā, parivattanaṃ vā tesanti
parivattano .
Vividhaṃ vacanaṃ ekassevatthassa vācakametthāti vivacanaṃ, vivacanameva vevacanaṃ,
vividhaṃ vuccati etena atthoti vā vivacanaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Pakārehi pabhedato vā ñāpīyanti iminā, ettha vā atthāti paññatti .
Otārīyanti anuppavesīyanti etena, ettha vā suttāgatā dhammā paṭiccasamuppādādīsūti otaraṇo.
Sodhīyanti samādhīyanti etena, ettha vā sutte padapadatthapañhārambhāti sodhano .
Adhiṭṭhīyanti anupavattīyanti etena, ettha vā sāmaññavisesabhūtā dhammā vinā vikappenāti
adhiṭṭhāno .
Parikaroti abhisaṅkharoti phalanti parikkhāro, hetu paccayo ca, parikkhāraṃ ācikkhatīti
parikkhāro, hāro, parikkhāravisayattā parikkhārasahacaraṇato vā parikkhāro .
Samāropīyanti etena, ettha vā padaṭṭhānādimukhena dhammāti samāropano . Sabbattha ca
bhāvasādhanavasenāpi attho sambhavatīti tassāpi vasena yojetabbaṃ.
Tassāti yathāvuttassa hāruddesassa. Anugītīti vuttassevatthassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ anupacchā
gāyanagāthā, tāsu osānagāthāya atthato asaṃkiṇṇā ti padatthena saṅkararahitā, tena yadipi keci hārā
aññamaññaṃ avisiṭṭhā viya dissanti, tathāpi tesaṃ atthato saṅkaro natthīti dasseti. So ca nesaṃ asaṅkaro
lakkhaṇaniddese supākaṭo hoti. Etesañcevāti etesaṃ soḷasannaṃ hārānaṃ. Yathā asaṅkaro, tathā ceva
bhavati. Kiṃ bhavati? Vitthāratayāvitthārena. Nayavibhatti nayena upāyena ñāyena vibhāgo. Etena
taṃ eva asaṅkiṇṇataṃ vibhāveti. Keci ‘‘vitthāranayā’’ti paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ, ayañca gāthā kesuci
potthakesu natthi.
2. Evaṃ hāre uddisitvā idāni naye uddisituṃ ‘‘tattha katame’’ tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha nayanti
saṃkilese vodānāni ca vibhāgato ñāpentīti nayā,nīyanti vā tāni etehi, ettha vāti nayā,nayanamattameva
vāti nayā,nīyanti vā sayaṃ dhammakathikehi upanīyanti suttassa atthapavicayatthanti nayā. Atha vā
nayā viyāti nayā. Yathā hi ekattādayo nayā sammā paṭivijjhiyamānā paccayapaccayuppannadhammānaṃ
yathākkamaṃ sambandhavibhāgabyāpāravirahānurūpaphalabhāvadassanena asaṅkarato
sammutisaccaparamatthasaccānaṃ sabhāvaṃ pavedayantā paramatthasaccappaṭivedhāya saṃvattanti,
evametepi kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgadhammavibhāgadassanena aviparītasuttatthāvabodhāya
abhisambhuṇantā veneyyānaṃ catusaccappaṭivedhāya saṃvattanti. Atha vā pariyattiatthassa nayanato
saṃkilesato yamanato ca nayāniruttinayena.
Nandiyāvaṭṭotiādīsu nandiyāvaṭṭassa viya āvaṭṭo etassāti nandiyāvaṭṭo, yathā hi nandiyāvaṭṭo
antoṭhitena padhānāvayavena bahiddhā āvaṭṭati, evamayampi nayoti attho. Atha vā nandiyā taṇhāya
pamodassa vā āvaṭṭo etthāti nandiyāvaṭṭo. Tīhi avayavehi lobhādīhi saṃkilesapakkhe alobhādīhi ca
vod ānapakkhe pukkhalo sobhanoti tipukkhalo . Asant āsanajavaparakkam ādivisesayogena s īho bhagav ā,

tassa vikk īḷ ita ṃ desan āvac īkammabh ūto vih āroti katv ā vipall āsatappa ṭipakkhaparid īpanato s īhassa
vikkīḷitaṃ etthāti sīhavikkīḷito, nayo. Balavisesayogadīpanato vā sīhavikkīḷitasadisattā nayo
sīhavikkīḷito . Balaviseso cettha saddhādibalaṃ, dasabalāni eva vā. Atthanayattayadisābhāvena
kusalādidhammānaṃ ālocanaṃ disālocanaṃ. Tathā ālocitānaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthanayattayayojane
samānayanato aṅkuso viya aṅkuso . Gāthāsu lañjeti pakāseti suttatthanti lañjako, nayo ca so lañjako cāti
nayalañjako. Gatāti ñātā, matāti attho. So eva vā pāṭho. Sesaṃ vuttanayena veditabbaṃ.
3. Evaṃ nayepi uddisitvā idāni mūlapadāni uddisituṃ ‘‘tattha katamānī’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha
mūlāni ca tāni nayānaṃ paṭṭhānabhāgānañca patiṭṭhābhāvato padāni ca adhigamūpāyabhāvato
koṭṭhāsabhāvato cāti mūlapadāni . Kosallasambhūtaṭṭhena, kucchitānaṃ vā pāpadhammānaṃ salanato
viddhaṃsanato, kusānaṃ vā rāgādīnaṃ lavanato, kusā viya vā lavanato, kusena vā ñāṇena lātabbato
pavattetabbato kusalāni, tappaṭipakkhato akusalānīti padattho veditabbo.
Evaṃ gaṇanaparicchedato jātibhedato ca mūlapadāni dassetvā idāni sarūpato dassento
saṃkilesapakkhaṃyeva paṭhamaṃ uddisati ‘‘taṇhā’’ tiādinā. Tattha tasati paritasatīti taṇhā. Avindiyaṃ
vindati, vindiyaṃ na vindatīti avijjā,vijjāpaṭipakkhāti vā avijjā. Lubbhanti tena, sayaṃ vā lubbhati,
lubbhanamattameva vā soti lobho. Dosamohesu pi eseva nayo. Asubhe ‘‘subha’’nti pavattā saññā
subhasaññā. Sukhasaññādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. Saṅgaha nti gaṇanaṃ. Samosaraṇanti
samoropanaṃ.
Paccanīkadhamme sametīti samatho . Aniccādīhi vividhehi ākārehi passatīti vipassanā. Alobhādayo
lobhādipaṭipakkhato veditabbā. Asubhe ‘‘asubha’’nti pavattā saññā asubhasaññā,
kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ. Saññāsīsena hi desanā. Dukkhasaññādīsupi eseva nayo.
Idaṃ uddāna nti idaṃ vuttasseva atthassa vippakiṇṇabhāvena nassituṃ adatvā uddhaṃ dānaṃ
rakkhaṇaṃ uddānaṃ, saṅgahavacananti attho. ‘‘Cattāro vipallāsā’’tipi pāṭho. Kilesabhūmīti
saṃkilesabhūmi sabbesaṃ akusaladhammānaṃ samosaraṇaṭṭhānattā. Kusalānaṃ yāni tīṇi mūlāni.
‘‘Kusalānī’’tipi paṭhanti. Satipaṭṭhānāti asubhasaññādayo sandhāyāha. Indriyabhūmīti saddhādīnaṃ
vimuttiparipācanindriyānaṃ samosaraṇaṭṭhānattā vuttaṃ. Yujjantīti yojīyanti. Kho ti padapūraṇe,
avadhāraṇatthe vā nipāto. Tena ete evāti dasseti. Aṭṭhārasevāti vā. Mūlapadāti mūlapadāni,
liṅgavipallāso vā.
Uddesavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Niddesavāravaṇṇanā
4. Evaṃ uddiṭṭhe hārādayo niddisituṃ ‘‘tattha saṅkhepato’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha tatthāti tasmiṃ
uddesapāṭhe. Saṅkhepato netti kittitāti samāsato nettippakaraṇaṃ kathitaṃ. Hāranayamūlapadānañhi
sarūpadassanaṃ uddesapāṭhena katanti. Ettha ca hāranayānaṃ –
Sāmaññato visesena, padattho lakkhaṇaṃ kamo;
Ettāvatā ca hetvādī, veditabbā hi viññunā.
Tesu avisesato visesato ca hāranayānaṃ attho dassito. Lakkhaṇādīsu pana avisesato sabbepi hārā
nayā ca yathākkamaṃ byañjanatthamukhena navaṅgassa sāsanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanalakkhaṇā. Visesato
pana tassa tassa hārassa nayassa ca lakkhaṇaṃ niddese eva kathayissāma. Kamādīni ca yasmā nesaṃ
lakkhaṇesu ñātesu viññeyyāni honti, tasmā tānipi niddesato parato pakāsayissāma.
Hārasa ṅkhepo

1. Y ā pana ass ādādīnavat ātiādik ā niddesag āth ā, tāsu ass ādādīnavat āti ass ādo ādīnavatāti
padavibhāgo. Ādīnavatāti ca ādīnavo eva. Keci ‘‘assādādīnavato’’ti paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Tattha
assādīyatīti assādo, sukhaṃ somanassañca. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘yaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcupādānakkhandhe
paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu assādo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.166; saṃ.
ni. 3.26). Yathā cetaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, evaṃ iṭṭhārammaṇampi. Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘so tadassādeti
taṃ nikāmetī’’ti ‘‘rūpaṃ assādeti abhinandati, taṃ ārabbha rāgo uppajjatī’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.424),
‘‘saṃyojanīyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.53) ca. Assādeti etāyāti vā
assādo, taṇhā. Taṇhāya hi kāraṇabhūtāya puggalo sukhampi sukhārammaṇampi assādeti. Yathā ca taṇhā,
evaṃ vipallāsāpi. Vipallāsavasena hi sattā aniṭṭhampi ārammaṇaṃ iṭṭhākārena assādenti, evaṃ vedanāya
sabbesaṃ tebhūmakasaṅkhārānaṃ taṇhāya vipallāsānañca assādavicāro veditabbo.
Kathaṃ pana dukkhādukkhamasukhavedanānaṃ assādanīyatāti? Vipallāsato
sukhapariyāyasabbhāvato ca. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘sukhā kho, āvuso visākha, vedanā ṭhitisukhā
vipariṇāmadukkhā. Dukkhā vedanā ṭhitidukkhā vipariṇāmasukhā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā ñāṇasukhā
aññāṇadukkhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.465). Tattha vedanāya aṭṭhasatapariyāyavasena, tebhūmakasaṅkhārānaṃ
nikkhepakaṇḍarūpakaṇḍavasena, taṇhāya saṃkilesavatthuvibhaṅge nikkhepakaṇḍe ca
taṇhāniddesavasena, vipallāsānaṃ sukhasaññādivasena dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatavasena ca vibhāgo veditabbo.
Ādīnavo dukkhā vedanā tissopi vā dukkhatā. Atha vā sabbepi tebhūmakā saṅkhārā ādīnavo. Ādīnaṃ
ativiya kapaṇaṃ vāti pavattatīti hi ādīnavo, kapaṇamanusso, evaṃsabhāvā ca tebhūmakā dhammā
aniccatādiyogena. Yato tattha ādīnavānupassanā āraddhavipassakānaṃ yathābhūtanayoti vuccati. Tathā
ca vuttaṃ – ‘‘yaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcupādānakkhandhā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā, ayaṃ pañcasu
upādānakkhandhesu ādīnavo’’ti. Tasmā ādīnavo dukkhasaccaniddesabhūtānaṃ jātiyādīnaṃ
aniccatādīnaṃ dvācattālīsāya ākārānañca vasena vibhajitvā niddisitabbo.
Nissarati etenāti nissaraṇaṃ,ariyamaggo. Nissaratīti vā nissaraṇaṃnibbānaṃ. Ubhayampi
sāmaññaniddesena ekasesena vā ‘‘nissaraṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Pi -saddo purimānaṃ pacchimānañca
sampiṇḍanattho. Tattha ariyamaggapakkhe satipaṭṭhānādīnaṃ sattattiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ
kāyānupassanādīnañca tadantogadhabhedānaṃ vasena nissaraṇaṃ vibhajitvā niddisitabbaṃ.
Nibbānapakkhe pana kiñcāpi asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā nippariyāyena vibhāgo natthi. Pariyāyena pana
sopādisesanirupādisesabhedena. Yato vā taṃ nissaṭaṃ, tesaṃ paṭisambhidāmagge (paṭi. ma. 1.3)
dassitappabhedānaṃ cakkhādīnaṃ channaṃ dvārānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ channaṃ ārammaṇānaṃ
taṃtaṃdvārappavattānaṃ channaṃ channaṃ viññāṇaphassavedanāsaññācetanātaṇhāvitakkavicārānaṃ
pathavīdhātuādīnaṃ channaṃ dhātūnaṃ dasannaṃ kasiṇāyatanānaṃ asubhānaṃ kesādīnaṃ dvattiṃsāya
ākārānaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ dvādasannaṃ āyatanānaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dhātūnaṃ lokiyānaṃ
indriyānaṃ kāmadhātuādīnaṃ tissannaṃ dhātūnaṃ kāmabhavādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ bhavānaṃ catunnaṃ
jh ānānaṃ appamaññānaṃ āruppānaṃ dvādasannaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṅgānañcāti evamādīnaṃ
saṅkhatadhammānaṃ nissaraṇabhāvena ca vibhajitvā niddisitabbaṃ.
Phala nti desanāphalaṃ. Kiṃ pana tanti? Yaṃ desanāya nipphādīyati. Nanu ca nibbānādhigamo
bhagavato desanāya nipphādīyati. Nibbānañca ‘‘nissaraṇa’’nti iminā vuttamevāti? Saccametaṃ, tañca
kho paramparāya. Idha pana paccakkhato desanāphalaṃ adhippetaṃ. Taṃ pana sutamayañāṇaṃ.
Atthadhammavedādiariyamaggassa pubbabhāgappaṭipattibhūtā chabbisuddhiyo. Yañca tasmiṃ khaṇe
maggaṃ anabhisambhuṇantassa kālantare tadadhigamakāraṇabhūtaṃ sampattibhavahetu ca siyā. Tathā hi
vakkhati – ‘‘attānudiṭṭhiṃ ūhacca, evaṃ maccutaro siyāti (su. ni. 1125; kathā. 226; cūḷani.
mogharājamāṇavapucchā 144, mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 88; netti. 5; peṭako. 22) idaṃ phala’’nti,
‘‘dhammo have rakkhati dhammacārinti idaṃ phala’’nti (jā. 1.10.102-103; 1.15.385) ca. Etena nayena
devesu ca mānusesu ca āyuvaṇṇabalasukhayasaparivāraādhipateyyasampattiyo upadhisampattiyo
cakkavattisirī devarajjasirī cattāri sampatticakkāni sīlasampadā samādhisampadā tisso vijjā cha abhiññā
catasso paṭisambhidā sāvakabodhi paccekabodhi sammāsambodhīti sabbāpi sampattiyo
puññasambhārahetukā bhagavato desanāya sādhetabbatāya phalanti veditabbā.

Up āyo ti ariyamaggapada ṭṭhānabh ūtā pubbabh āgappa ṭipad ā. Sā hi purim ā purim ā pacchim āya
pacchimāya adhigamūpāyabhāvato paramparāya magganibbānādhigamassa ca hetubhāvato upāyo. Yā ca
pubbe vuttaphalādhigamassa upāyapaṭipatti. Keci pana ‘‘saha vipassanāya maggo upāyo’’ti vadanti,
tesaṃ matena nissaraṇanti nibbānameva vuttaṃ siyā. Phalaṃ viya upāyopi pubbabhāgoti vuttaṃ siyā,
yaṃ pana vakkhati ‘‘sabbe dhammā…pe… visuddhiyāti (dha. pa. 279; theragā. 678) ayaṃ upāyo’’ti.
Etthāpi pubbabhāgappaṭipadā eva udāhaṭāti sakkā viññātuṃ. Yasmā pana ‘‘te pahāya tare oghanti idaṃ
nissaraṇa’’nti ariyamaggassa nissaraṇabhāvaṃ vakkhati. Ariyamaggo hi oghataraṇanti.
Āṇattīti āṇārahassa bhagavato veneyyajanassa hitasiddhiyā ‘‘evaṃ paṭipajjāhī’’ti vidhānaṃ. Tathā
hi vakkhati ‘‘suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, mogharājāti (su. ni. 1125; kathā. 226; netti. 5; peṭako. 22;
cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchā 144, mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 88) āṇattī’’ti.
Yogīna nti catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanāya yuttappayuttānaṃ veneyyānaṃ, atthāyāti vacanaseso.
Desanāhāro ti etesaṃ yathāvuttānaṃ assādādīnaṃ vibhajanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso desanāhāro
nāmāti attho. Etthāha –kiṃ panetesaṃ assādādīnaṃ anavasesānaṃ vacanaṃ desanāhāro, udāhu
ekaccānanti? Niravasesānaṃyeva. Yasmiñhi sutte assādādīnavanissaraṇāni sarūpato āgatāni, tattha
vattabbameva natthi. Yattha pana ekadesena āgatāni, na vā sarūpena. Tattha anāgataṃ atthavasena
niddhāretvā hāro yojetabbo. Ayañca attho desanāhāravibhaṅge āgamissatīti idha na papañcito.
2. Yaṃ pucchita nti yā pucchā, viciyamānāti vacanaseso. Vissajjitaṃ anugītīti etthāpi eseva nayo.
Tattha vissajjita nti vissajjanā, sā ekaṃsabyākaraṇādivasena catubbidhaṃ byākaraṇaṃ. Ca -saddo
sampiṇḍanattho, tena gāthāyaṃ avuttaṃ padādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tā pana pucchāvissajjanā kassāti āha
‘‘suttassā’’ ti. Etena sutte āgataṃ pucchāvissajjanaṃ vicetabbanti dasseti. Yā ca anugīti ti vuttasseva
atthassa yā anu pacchā gīti anugīti, saṅgahagāthā, pucchāya vā anurūpā gīti. Etena pubbāparaṃ gahitaṃ.
Byākaraṇassa hi pucchānurūpatā idha pubbāparaṃ adhippetaṃ. Yā ‘‘pucchānusandhī’’ti vuccati.
Purimaṃ ‘‘suttassā’’ti padaṃ pubbāpekkhanti puna ‘‘suttassā’’ ti vuttaṃ. Tena suttassa nissayabhūte
assādādike pariggaṇhāti. Ettāvatā vicayahārassa visayo niravasesena dassito hoti. Tathā ca vakkhati
vicayahāravibhaṅge ‘‘padaṃ vicinati…pe… anugītiṃ vicinatī’’ti.
Tattha sutte sabbesaṃ padānaṃ anupubbena atthaso byañjanaso ca vicayo padavicayo . ‘‘Ayaṃ
pucchā adiṭṭhajotanā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā vimaticchedanā anumatipucchā kathetukamyatāpucchā
sattādhiṭṭhānā dhammādhiṭṭhānā ekādhiṭṭhānā anekādhiṭṭhānā sammutivisayā paramatthavisayā
atītavisayā anāgatavisayā paccuppannavisayā’’tiādinā pucchāvicayo veditabbo. ‘‘Idaṃ vissajjanaṃ
ekaṃsabyākaraṇaṃ vibhajjabyākaraṇaṃ paṭipucchābyākaraṇaṃ ṭhapanaṃ sāvasesaṃ niravasesaṃ
sauttaraṃ anuttaraṃ lokiyaṃ lokuttara’’ntiādinā vissajjanavicayo .
‘‘Ayaṃ pucchā iminā sameti, etena na sametī’’ti pucchitatthaṃ ānetvā vicayo pubbenāparaṃ
saṃsanditvā ca vicayo pubbāparavicayo . ‘‘Ayaṃ anugīti vuttatthasaṅgahā avuttatthasaṅgahā
tadubhayatthasaṅgahā kusalatthasaṅgahā akusalatthasaṅgahā’’tiādinā anugītivicayo . Assādādīsu
sukhavedanāya ‘‘iṭṭhārammaṇānubhavanalakkhaṇā’’tiādinā, taṇhāya
‘‘ārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇā’’tiādinā, vipallāsānaṃ ‘‘viparītaggahaṇalakkhaṇā’’tiādinā, avasiṭṭhānaṃ
tebhūmakadhammānaṃ ‘‘yathāsakalakkhaṇā’’tiādinā sabbesañca dvāvīsatiyā tikesu dvācattālīsādhike ca
dukasate labbhamānapadavasena taṃtaṃassādatthavisesaniddhāraṇaṃ assādavicayo .
Dukkhavedanāya ‘‘aniṭṭhānubhavanalakkhaṇā’’tiādinā, dukkhasaccānaṃ
‘‘paṭisandhilakkhaṇā’’tiādinā, aniccatādīnaṃ ādiantavantatāya aniccantikatāya ca ‘‘aniccā’’tiādinā
sabbesañca lokiyadhammānaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyahānabhāgiyatādivasena ādīnavavuttiyā
okāraniddhāraṇena ādīnavavicayo . Nissaraṇapade ariyamaggassa āgamanato
kāyānupassanādipubbabhāgappaṭipadāvibhāgavisesaniddhāraṇavasena nibbānassa
yathāvuttapariyāyavibhāgavisesaniddhāraṇavasenāti evaṃ nissaraṇavicayo. Phalādīnaṃ
ta ṃta ṃsuttadesan āya s ādhetabbaphalassa tadup āyassa tattha tattha suttavidhivacanassa ca

vibh āganiddh āra ṇavasena vicayo veditabbo. Eva ṃ padapucch āvissajjanapubb āparānug ītīna ṃ
assādādīnañca visesaniddhāraṇavaseneva vicayalakkhaṇo ‘‘vicayo hāro’’ti veditabbo.
3. Sabbesa nti soḷasannaṃ. Bhūmīti byañjanaṃ sandhāyāha. Byañjanañhi mūlapadāni viya nayānaṃ
hārānaṃ bhūmi pavattiṭṭhānaṃ, tesaṃ byañjanavicārabhāvato. Vuttañhi – ‘‘hārā byañjanavicayo’’ti,
peṭakepi hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘yattha ca sabbe hārā, sampatamānā nayanti suttatthaṃ. Byañjanavidhiputhuttā’’ti.
Gocaro ti suttattho. Suttassa hi padatthuddhāraṇamukhena hārayojanā. Tesaṃ byañjanatthānaṃ.
Yuttāyuttaparikkhāti yuttassa ca ayuttassa ca upaparikkhā. ‘‘Yuttāyuttiparikkhā’’tipi pāṭho,
yuttiayuttīnaṃ vicāraṇāti attho. Kathaṃ pana tesaṃ yuttāyuttajānanā? Catūhi mahāpadesehi
avirujjhanena. Tattha byañjanassa tāva sabhāvaniruttibhāvo adhippetatthavācakabhāvo ca yuttabhāvo.
Atthassa pana suttavinayadhammatāhi avilomanaṃ. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana parato āvi
bhavissati. Hāro yuttīti niddiṭṭho ti evaṃ sutte byañjanatthānaṃ yuttāyuttabhāvavibhāvanalakkhaṇo
yuttihāroti veditabbo.
4. Dhamma nti yaṃ kiñci suttāgataṃ kusalādidhammamāha. Tassa dhammassāti tassa
yathāvuttassa kusalādidhammassa. Yaṃ padaṭṭhāna nti yaṃ kāraṇaṃ, yonisomanasikārādi sutte āgataṃ
vā anāgataṃ vā sambhavato niddhāretvā kathetabbanti adhippāyo. Itīti evaṃ, vuttanayenāti attho. Yāva
sabbadhammāti yattakā tasmiṃ sutte āgatā dhammā, tesaṃ sabbesampi yathānurūpaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ
niddhāretvā kathetabbanti adhippāyo. Atha vā yāva sabbadhammāti suttāgatassa dhammassa yaṃ
padaṭṭhānaṃ, tassapi yaṃ padaṭṭhānanti sambhavato yāva sabbadhammā padaṭṭhānavicāraṇā kātabbāti
attho. Eso hāro padaṭṭhāno ti evaṃ sutte āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtā dhammā tesañca
padaṭṭhānabhūtāti sambhavato padaṭṭhānabhūtadhammaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo padaṭṭhāno nāma hāroti
attho.
5. Vuttamhi ekadhamme ti kusalādīsu khandhādīsu vā yasmiṃ kismiñci ekadhamme, sutte sarūpato
niddhāraṇavasena vā kathite. Ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā kecīti ye keci dhammā kusalādibhāvena
rūpakkhandhādibhāvena vā tena dhammena samānalakkhaṇā. Vuttā bhavanti sabbe ti te sabbepi
kusalādisabhāvā, khandhādisabhāvā vā dhammā sutte avuttāpi tāya samānalakkhaṇatāya vuttā bhavanti
ānetvā saṃvaṇṇanāvasenāti adhippāyo. Ettha ca ekalakkhaṇā ti samānalakkhaṇā vuttā. Tena sahacāritā
samānakiccatā samānahetutā samānaphalatā samānārammaṇatāti evamādīhi avuttānampi vuttānaṃ viya
niddhāraṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. So hāro lakkhaṇo nāmāti evaṃ sutte anāgatepi dhamme vuttappakārena
āgate viya niddhāretvā yā saṃvaṇṇanā, so lakkhaṇo nāma hāroti attho.
6. Nerutta nti niruttaṃ, padanibbacananti attho. Adhippāyo ti buddhānaṃ sāvakānaṃ vā tassa
suttassa desakānaṃ adhippāyo. Byañjana nti byañjanena, karaṇe hi etaṃ paccattaṃ. Kāmañca sabbe hārā
byañjanavicayā, ayaṃ pana visesato byañjanadvāreneva atthapariyesanāti katvā ‘‘byañjana’’nti vuttaṃ.
Tathā hi vakkhati – ‘‘byañjanena suttassa neruttañca adhippāyo ca nidānañca pubbāparānusandhi ca
gavesitabbā’’ti. Athāti padapūraṇamattaṃ. Desanānidāna nti nidadāti phalanti nidānaṃ, kāraṇaṃ, yena
kāraṇena desanā pavattā, taṃ desanāya pavattinimittanti attho. Pubbāparānusandhīti pubbena ca
aparena ca anusandhi. ‘‘Pubbāparena sandhī’’tipi pāṭho, suttassa pubbabhāgena aparabhāgaṃ
saṃsanditvā kathananti attho. Saṅgītivasena vā pubbāparabhūtehi suttantarehi saṃvaṇṇiyamānassa
suttassa saṃsandanaṃ pubbāparānusandhi. Yañca pubbapadena parapadassa sambandhanaṃ, ayampi
pubbāparānusandhi. Eso hāro catubyūho ti evaṃ nibbacanādhippāyādīnaṃ catunnaṃ
vibhāvanalakkhaṇo catubyūho hāro nāmāti attho.
7. Ekamhi padaṭṭhāne ti ekasmiṃ ārambhadhātuādike parakkamadhātuādīnaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūte
dhamme desanāruḷhe sati. Pariyesati sesakaṃ padaṭṭhāna nti tassa visabhāgatāya aggahaṇena vā
sesakaṃ pamādādīnaṃ āsannakāraṇattā padaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ kosajjādikaṃ dhammantaraṃ pariyesati
paññāya gavesati, pariyesitvā ca saṃvaṇṇanāya yojento desanaṃ āvaṭṭati paṭipakkhe ti
vīriyārambhādimukhena āraddhasuttaṃ vuttanayena pamādādivasena niddisanto desanaṃ paṭipakkhato
āvaṭṭeti nāma. Āvaṭṭo nāma so hāro ti desanāya gahitadhammānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammavasena

āva ṭṭanalakkha ṇo āva ṭṭo h āro n āmāti attho.
8. Dhamma nti sabhāvadhammaṃ, taṃ kusalādivasena anekavidhaṃ. Padaṭṭhāna nti yasmiṃ
patiṭṭhite uttari guṇavisese adhigacchati, taṃ visesādhigamanakāraṇaṃ. Bhūmi nti puthujjanabhūmi
dassanabhūmīti evamādikaṃ bhūmiṃ. Vibhajjate ti vibhāgena katheti. Sādhāraṇeti
dassanapahātabbādināmavasena vā puthujjanasotāpannādivatthuvasena vā sādhāraṇe avisiṭṭhe samāneti
attho. Vuttavipariyāyena asādhāraṇā veditabbā. Neyyo vibhattīti yathāvuttadhammādīnaṃ vibhajano
ayaṃ hāro vibhattīti ñātabboti attho. Tasmā saṃkilesadhamme vodānadhamme ca sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇato
padaṭṭhānato bhūmito ca vibhajanalakkhaṇo ‘‘vibhattihāro’’ti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
9. Niddiṭṭhe ti kathite sutte āgate, saṃvaṇṇite vā. Bhāvite ti yathā uppannasadisā uppannāti vuccanti,
evaṃ bhāvitasadise bhāvetabbeti attho. Pahīne ti etthāpi eseva nayo. Parivattati paṭipakkhe ti vuttānaṃ
dhammānaṃ ye paṭipakkhā, tesaṃ vasena parivattetīti attho. Evaṃ niddiṭṭhānaṃ dhammānaṃ
paṭipakkhato parivattanalakkhaṇo ‘‘parivattano hāro’’ti veditabbo.
10 . Vividhāni ekasmiṃyeva atthe vacanāni vivacanāni, vivacanāni eva vevacanāni, pariyāyasaddāti
attho. Tāni vevacanāni. Bahūnīti anekāni. Tu -saddo avadhāraṇe. Tena bahū eva pariyāyasaddā
vevacanahārayojanāyaṃ kathetabbā, na katipayāti dasseti. Sutte vuttānīti navavidhasuttantasaṅkhāte
tepiṭake buddhavacane bhāsitāni. Etthāpi tu-saddassa attho ānetvā yojetabbo, tena pāḷiyaṃ āgatāniyeva
vevacanāni gahetabbānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ekadhammassāti ekassa padatthassa. Yo jānāti suttavidūti yathā
‘‘sappissa jānāhī’’ti vutte ‘‘sappinā vicārehi, sappiṃ dehi, dethā’’ti vā āṇāpetīti attho, evaṃ yo
suttakovido dhammakathiko ekassa atthassa bahūpi pariyāyasadde vicāreti vibhāveti yojetīti attho.
Vevacano nāma so hāro ti tassa atthassa vuttappakārapariyāyasaddayojanālakkhaṇo vevacanahāro nāma.
Tasmā ekasmiṃ atthe anekapariyāyasaddayojanālakkhaṇo ‘‘vevacanahāro’’ti veditabbaṃ.
11 . Dhamma nti khandhādidhammaṃ. Paññattīhīti paññāpanehi pakārehi ñāpanehi, asaṅkarato vā
ṭhapanehi. Vividhāhīti nikkhepappabhavādivasena anekavidhāhi. So ākāro ti yo ekassevatthassa
nikkhepappabhavapaññattiādivasena anekāhi paññattīhi paññāpanākāro. Ñeyyo paññatti nāma hāro ti
paññattihāro nāmāti ñātabbo. Tasmā ekekassa dhammassa anekāhi paññattīhi
paññāpetabbākāravibhāvanalakkhaṇo ‘‘paññattihāro’’ti veditabbaṃ.
12 . Paṭiccuppādo ti paṭiccasamuppādo. Indriyakhandhāti indriyāni ca khandhā ca.
Dhātuāyatanāti dhātuyo ca āyatanāni ca. Etehīti yo dvādasapadiko paccayākāro yāni ca
dvāvīsatindriyāni ye ca pañcakkhandhā yā ca aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo yāni ca dvādasāyatanāni, etehi sutte
āgatapadatthamukhena niddhāriyamānehi. Otarati yo ti yo saṃvaṇṇanānayo ogāhati,
paṭiccasamuppādādike anupavisatīti attho. Otaraṇo nāma so hāro ti yo yathāvutto saṃvaṇṇanāviseso, so
otaraṇahāro nāma. Ca -saddena cettha suññatamukhādīnaṃ gāthāyaṃ avuttānampi saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.
Evaṃ paṭiccasamuppādādimukhehi suttatthassa otaraṇalakkhaṇo otaraṇo hāro nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
13 . Vissajjitamhīti buddhādīhi byākate. Pañhe ti ñātuṃ icchite atthe. Gāthāya nti gāthāruḷhe.
Idañca pucchantā yebhuyyena gāthābandhavasena pucchantīti katvā vuttaṃ. Yamārabbhāti sā
pana gāthā yaṃ atthaṃ ārabbha adhikicca pucchitā, tassa atthassa. Suddhāsuddhaparikkhāti padaṃ
sodhitaṃ, ārambho na sodhito, padañca sodhitaṃ ārambho ca sodhitoti evaṃ padādīnaṃ
sodhitāsodhitabhāvavicāro. Hāro so sodhano nāmāti yathāvuttavicāro sodhano hāro nāma. Evaṃ sutte
padapadatthapañhārambhānaṃ sodhanalakkhaṇo ‘‘sodhano hāro’’ti veditabbaṃ.
14 . Ekattatāyāti ekassa bhāvo ekattaṃ, ekattameva ekattatā, tāya ekattatāya. Eka -saddo cettha
samānasaddapariyāyo, tasmā sāmaññenāti attho. Visiṭṭhā mattā vimattā, vimattāva vemattaṃ, tassa bhāvo
vemattatā, tāya vemattatāya, visesenāti attho. Te na vikappayitabbāti ye dhammā ‘‘dukkhaṃ
samudayo’’tiādinā sāmaññena, ‘‘jāti jarā kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā’’tiādinā visesena ca sutte desitā, te
‘‘kimettha s āmañña ṃ, ko v ā viseso ’’ti eva ṃ sāmaññavisesavikappanavasena na vikappayitabb ā. Kasm ā?

Sāmaññavisesakappan āya voh ārabh āvena anava ṭṭhānato k āladis āvises ādīna ṃ viya apekkh āsiddhito
ca. Yathā hi ‘‘ajja hiyyo sve’’ti vuccamānā kālavisesā anavaṭṭhitasabhāvā ‘‘purimā disā pacchimā disā’’ti
vuccamānā disāvisesā ca, evaṃ sāmaññavisesāpi. Tathā hi ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti vuccamānaṃ
jātiādiapekkhāya sāmaññampi samānaṃ saccāpekkhāya viseso hoti. Esa nayo samudayādīsupi. Eso hāro
adhiṭṭhāno ti evaṃ suttāgatānaṃ dhammānaṃ avikappanavasena sāmaññavisesaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo
adhiṭṭhāno hāro nāmāti attho.
15 . Ye dhammāti ye avijjādikā paccayadhammā. Yaṃ dhamma nti yaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ
paccayuppannadhammaṃ. Janayantīti nibbattenti. Paccayāti sahajātapaccayabhāvena. Paramparato ti
paramparapaccayabhāvena, anurūpasantānaghaṭanavasena paccayo hutvāti attho. Upanissayakoṭi hi
idhādhippetā. Purimasmiṃ avasiṭṭho paccayabhāvo. Hetumavakaḍḍhayitvāti taṃ
yathāvuttapaccayasaṅkhātaṃ janakādibhedabhinnaṃ hetuṃ ākaḍḍhitvā suttato niddhāretvā yo
saṃvaṇṇanāsaṅkhāto, eso hāro parikkhāro ti evaṃ sutte āgatadhammānaṃ parikkhārasaṅkhāte
hetupaccaye niddhāretvā saṃvaṇṇanalakkhaṇo parikkhāro hāroti attho.
16 . Ye dhammāti ye sīlādidhammā. Yaṃmūlāti yesaṃ samādhiādīnaṃ mūlabhūtā, te tesaṃ
samādhiādīnaṃ padaṭṭhānabhāvena samāropayitabbāti sambandho. Ye cekatthā pakāsitā munināti ye
ca rāgavirāgācetovimuttisekkhaphalakāmadhātusamatikkamanādisaddā anāgāmiphalatthatāya ekatthā
buddhamuninā paridīpitā, te aññamaññavevacanabhāvena samāropayitabbāti sambandho.
Samāropanañcettha sutte yathārutavasena niddhāraṇavasena vā gayhamānassa sikkhattayasaṅkhātassa
sīlādikkhandhattayassa pariyāyantaravibhāvanamukhena bhāvanāpāripūrikathanaṃ, bhāvanāpāripūrī ca
pahātabbassa pahānenāti pahānasamāropanāpi atthato dassitā eva hoti. Esa samāropano hāro ti esa sutte
āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānavevacanabhāvanāpahānasamāropanavicāraṇalakkhaṇo samāropano nāma
hāroti attho.
Nayasaṅkhepo
17 . Evaṃ gāthābandhavasena soḷasapi hāre niddisitvā idāni naye niddisituṃ ‘‘taṇhañcā’’ tiādi
vuttaṃ. Tattha taṇhañca avijjampi cāti sutte āgataṃ atthato niddhāraṇavasena vā gahitaṃ taṇhaṃ
avijjañca yo netīti sambandho. Yo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso taṃ neti saṃkilesapakkhaṃ pāpeti saṃkilesavasena
suttatthaṃ yojetīti adhippāyo. Samathenāti samādhinā. Vipassanāyāti paññāya, yo neti vodānapakkhaṃ
pāpeti, tathā suttatthaṃ yojetīti adhippāyo. Saccehi yojayitvāti nayanto ca taṇhā ca avijjā ca
bhavamūlakattā samudayasaccaṃ, avasesā tebhūmakadhammā dukkhasaccaṃ, samathavipassanā
maggasaccaṃ, tena pattabbā asaṅkhatadhātu nirodhasaccanti evaṃ imehi catūhi saccehi yojetvā. Ayaṃ
nayo nandiyāvaṭṭoti yo taṇhāvijjāhi saṃkilesapakkhassa suttatthassa samathavipassanāhi
vodānapakkhassa catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso, ayaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭo nayo
nāmāti attho. Ettha ca nayassa bhūmi gāthāyaṃ ‘‘nayo’’ti vuttā, tasmā saṃvaṇṇanāvisesoti vuttaṃ. Na hi
atthanayo saṃvaṇṇanā, catusaccapaṭivedhassa anurūpo pubbabhāge anugāhaṇanayo atthanayo. Tassa
pana yā ugghaṭitaññuādīnaṃ vasena taṇhādimukhena nayabhūmiracanā, tattha nayavohāro.
18 . Akusale ti dvādasacittuppādasaṅgahite sabbepi akusale dhamme. Samūlehīti attano mūlehi,
lobhadosamohehīti attho. Kusale ti sabbepi catubhūmake kusale dhamme. Kusalamūlehīti kusalehi
alobhādimūlehi yo neti . Nayanto ca kusalākusalaṃ māyāmarīciādayo viya abhūtaṃ na hotīti bhūtaṃ.
Paṭaghaṭādayo viya na sammutisaccamattanti tathaṃ. Akusalassa iṭṭhavipākatābhāvato kusalassa ca
aniṭṭhavipākatābhāvato vipāke sati avisaṃvādakattā avitathaṃneti. Evametesaṃ tiṇṇampi padānaṃ
kusalākusalavisesanatā daṭṭhabbā. Atha vā akusalamūlehi akusalāni kusalamūlehi ca kusalāni nayanto
ayaṃ nayo bhūtaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃneti, cattāri saccāni niddhāretvā yojetīti attho. Dukkhādīni hi
bādhakādibhāvato aññathābhāvābhāvena bhūtāni, saccasabhāvattā tathāni, avisaṃvādanato avitathāni.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathānī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090).
Tipukkhalaṃ taṃ nayaṃ āhūti yo akusalamūlehi saṃkilesapakkhassa kusalamūlehi vodānapakkhassa
suttatthassa catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkha ṇo sa ṃva ṇṇ an āviseso, ta ṃ tipukkhala ṃ nayanti

vadant īti attho.
19 . Vipallāsehīti asubhe subhantiādinayappavattehi catūhi vipallāsehi. Kileseti kilissanti
vibādhiyantīti kilesā, saṃkiliṭṭhadhammā, saṃkilesapakkhanti attho. Keci ‘‘saṃkilese’’tipi paṭhanti,
kilesasahiteti attho. Indriyehīti saddhādīhi indriyehi. Saddhammeti paṭipattipaṭivedhasaddhamme,
vodānapakkhanti attho. Etaṃ naya nti yo subhasaññādīhi vipallāsehi sakalassa saṃkilesapakkhassa
saddhindriyādīhi vodānapakkhassa catusaccayojanavasena nayanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso, etaṃ
nayaṃ nayavidūsaddhammanayakovidā, atthanayakusalā eva vā sīhavikkīḷitaṃ nayanti vadantīti attho.
20 . Veyyākaraṇesūti tassa tassa atthanayassa yojanatthaṃ katesu suttassa atthavissajjanesūti attho.
Tenevāha ‘‘tahiṃ tahi’’nti. Kusalākusalāti vodāniyā saṃkilesikā ca tassa tassa nayassa
disābhūtadhammā. Vuttāti suttato niddhāretvā kathitā. Manasā volokayateti te yathāvuttadhamme
citteneva ‘‘ayaṃ paṭhamā disā ayaṃ dutiyā disā’’tiādinā tassa tassa nayassa disābhāvena upaparikkhati,
vicāretīti attho. ‘‘Olokayate te abahī’’tipi pāṭho. Tattha teti te yathāvuttadhamme. Abahīti abbhantaraṃ,
citte evāti attho. Taṃ khu disālocanaṃ āhūti olokayateti ettha yadetaṃ olokanaṃ, taṃ disālocanaṃ
nāma nayaṃ vadanti. Khu -ti ca nipāto avadhāraṇe. Tena olokanameva ayaṃ nayo, na koci atthavisesoti
dasseti.
21 . Oloketvāti paṭhamādidisābhāvena upaparikkhitvā. Disālocanenāti disālocananayena
karaṇabhūtena. Yena hi vidhinā tassa tassa atthanayassa yojanāya disā olokīyanti, so vidhi disālocananti
evaṃ vā ettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Ukkhipiyāti uddharitvā, disābhūtadhamme suttato niddhāretvāti attho.
‘‘Ukkhipiya yo samānetī’’tipi paṭhanti, tassattho – ‘‘yo tesaṃ disābhūtadhammānaṃ samānayanaṃ
karotī’’ti. Ya nti vā kiriyāparāmasanaṃ. Samānetīti samaṃ, sammā vā āneti tassa tassa nayassa
yojanāvasena. Ke pana āneti? Sabbe kusalākusale taṃtaṃnayadisābhūte. Ayaṃ nayo ti samānetīti ettha
yadetaṃ taṃtaṃnayadisābhūtadhammānaṃ samānayanaṃ, ayaṃ aṅkuso nāma nayoti attho. Etañca
dvayaṃ ‘‘vohāranayo, kammanayo’’ti ca vuccati.
22 . Evaṃ hāre naye ca niddisitvā idāni nesaṃ yojanakkamaṃ dassento ‘‘soḷasa hārā
paṭhama’’ntiādimāha. Tattha paṭhamaṃ soḷasa hārā ‘‘yojetabbā’’ti vacanaseso. Hārasaṃvaṇṇanā
paṭhamaṃ kātabbā byañjanapariyeṭṭhibhāvatoti adhippāyo. Disalocanato ti disālocanena, ayameva vā
pāṭho. Aṅkusena hīti hi-saddo nipātamattaṃ. Sesaṃ uttānameva.
Dvādasapadaṃ
23 . Idāni yesaṃ byañjanapadānaṃ atthapadānañca vasena dvādasa padāni suttanti vuttaṃ, tāni
padāni niddisituṃ ‘‘akkharaṃ pada’’ntiādimāha. Tattha apariyosite pade vaṇṇo akkharaṃ
pariyāyavasena akkharaṇato asañcaraṇato. Na hi vaṇṇassa pariyāyo vijjati, atha vaṇṇoti kenaṭṭhena
vaṇṇo? Atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṭṭhena. Vaṇṇo eva hi ittarakhaṇatāya aparāparabhāvena pavatto padādibhāvena
gayhamāno yathāsambandhaṃ taṃ taṃ atthaṃ vadati. Ekakkharaṃ vā padaṃ akkharaṃ,keci pana
‘‘manasā desanāvācāya akkharaṇato akkhara’’nti vadanti.
Pada nti pajjati attho etenāti padaṃ, taṃ nāmapadaṃ ākhyātapadaṃ upasaggapadaṃ nipātapadanti
catubbidhaṃ. Tattha ‘‘phasso vedanā citta’’nti evamādikaṃ satvappadhānaṃ nāmapadaṃ. ‘‘Phusati
vedayati vijānātī’’ti evamādikaṃ kiriyāpadhānaṃ ākhyātapadaṃ. Kiriyāvisesaggahaṇanimittaṃ ‘‘pa’’ iti
evamādikaṃ upasaggapadaṃ. Kiriyāya satvassa ca sarūpavisesappakāsanahetubhūtaṃ ‘‘eva’’nti
evamādikaṃ nipātapadaṃ.
Byañjana nti saṅkhepato vuttaṃ padābhihitaṃ atthaṃ byañjayatīti byañjanaṃ, vākyaṃ. Taṃ pana
atthato padasamudāyoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Padamattasavanepi hi adhikārādivasena labbhamānehi padantarehi
anusandhānaṃ katvāva atthasampaṭipatti hotīti vākyameva atthaṃ byañjayati. Niruttīti ākārābhihitaṃ
nibbacana ṃ nirutti.

Niddeso ti nibbacanavitth āro niravasesadesanatt ā niddeso. Padehi v ākyassa vibh āgo ākāro. Yadi
evaṃ padato ākārassa ko visesoti? Apariyosite vākye avibhajjamāne vā tadavayavo padaṃ.
Uccāraṇavasena pariyosite vākye vibhajjamāne vā tadavayavo ākāroti ayametesaṃ viseso. Chaṭṭhaṃ
vacanaṃ chaṭṭhavacanaṃ. Ākāro chaṭṭhavacanaṃ etassāti ākārachaṭṭhavacanaṃ,byañjanapadaṃ. Ettha
ca byañjananti imassa padassa anantaraṃ vattabbaṃ ākārapadaṃ niddesapadānantaraṃ vadantena
‘‘ākārachaṭṭhavacana’’nti vuttaṃ, padānupubbikaṃ pana icchantehi taṃ byañjanapadānantarameva
kātabbaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā ākārāti, byañjanehi vivarati ākārehi
vibhajatī’’ti ca. Keci pana ‘‘ākārapadabyañjananiruttiyo ca niddeso’’ti paṭhanti. Ettāva byañjanaṃ
sabba nti yānimāni akkharādīni niddiṭṭhāni, ettakameva sabbaṃ byañjanaṃ, etehi asaṅgahitaṃ byañjanaṃ
nāma natthīti attho.
24 . Saṅkāsanāti saṃkhittena kāsanā. Pakāsanāti paṭhamaṃ kāsanā, kāsīyati dīpīyatīti attho. Iminā
hi atthapadadvayena akkharapadehi vibhāviyamāno atthākāro gahito. Yasmā akkharehi suyyamānehi
suṇantānaṃ visesavidhānassa katattā padapariyosāne padatthasampaṭipatti hoti. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘tattha
bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti padehi pakāsetīti, akkharehi padehi ca ugghāṭetī’’ti ca.
Vivaraṇā ti vitthāraṇā. Vibhajanā ca uttānīkammañca paññatti ca vibhajanuttānīkammapaññatti.
Tattha vibhajanāti vibhāgakaraṇaṃ, ubhayenāpi niddisanamāha. Idha purimanayeneva byañjanākārehi
niddisiyamāno atthākāro dassitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Uttānīkammaṃpākaṭakaraṇaṃ. Pakārehi ñāpanaṃ
paññatti. Dvayenāpi paṭiniddisanaṃ katheti. Etthāpi niruttiniddesasaṅkhātehi byañjanapadehi
niddisiyamāno atthākāro vutto, yo paṭiniddisīyatīti vuccati. Etehīti etehi eva saṅkāsanādivinimuttassa
desanātthassa abhāvato. Attho ti suttattho. Kamma nti ugghaṭanādikammaṃ. Suttatthena hi desanāya
pavattiyamānena ugghaṭitaññuādiveneyyānaṃ cittasantānassa pabodhanakiriyānibbatti. So ca suttattho
saṅkāsanādiākāroti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘attho kammañca niddiṭṭha’’nti.
25 . Tīṇīti liṅgavipallāsena vuttaṃ, tayoti vuttaṃ hoti. Navahi padehīti navahi koṭṭhāsehi. Attho
samāyutto ti attho sammā yutto na vinā vattati. Sabbassa hi buddhavacanassa catusaccappakāsanato
atthanayānañca catusaccayojanavasena pavattanato sabbo pāḷiattho atthanayattayasaṅgahito
saṅkāsanādiākāravisesavutti cāti.
26 . Idāni yathāniddiṭṭhe desanāhārādike nettippakaraṇassa padatthe sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ
gaṇanavasena paricchinditvā dassento ‘‘atthassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha catubbīsāti soḷasa hārā cha
byañjanapadāni dve kammanayāti evaṃ catubbīsa. Ubhaya nti cha atthapadāni tayo atthanayāti idaṃ
navavidhaṃ yathāvuttaṃ catubbīsavidhañcāti etaṃ ubhayaṃ. Saṅkalayitvāti sampiṇḍetvā.
‘‘Saṅkhepayato’’tipi pāṭho, ekato karontassāti attho. Ettikāti etappamāṇā, ito vinimutto koci
nettipadatthā natthīti attho.
Evaṃ tettiṃsapadatthāya nettiyā suttassa atthapariyesanāya yo ‘‘soḷasa hārā paṭhama’’nti nayehi
paṭhamaṃ hārā saṃvaṇṇetabbāti hāranayānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanākkamo dassito, svāyaṃ hāranayānaṃ
desanākkameneva siddho. Evaṃ siddhe sati ayaṃ ārambho imamatthaṃ dīpeti – sabbepime hārā nayā ca
iminā dassitakkameneva suttesu saṃvaṇṇanāvasena yojetabbā, na uppaṭipāṭiyāti.
Kiṃ panettha kāraṇaṃ, yadete hārā nayā ca imināva kamena desitāti? Yadipi nāyamanuyogo
katthaci anukkame nivisati, api ca dhammadesanāya nissayaphalatadupāyasarīrabhūtānaṃ assādādīnaṃ
vibhāvanasabhāvattā pakatiyā sabbasuttānurūpāti suviññeyyabhāvato paresañca saṃvaṇṇanāvisesānaṃ
vicayahārādīnaṃ patiṭṭhābhāvato paṭhamaṃ desanāhāro dassito.
Padapucchāvissajjanapubbāparānugītīhi saddhiṃ desanāhārapadatthānaṃ pavicayasabhāvatāya tassa
anantaraṃ vicayo. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘padaṃ vicinati…pe… āṇattiṃ vicinati anugītiṃ vicinatī’’ti.
Vicayena h ārena pavicit āna ṃ atth āna ṃ yutt āyuttivic āra ṇā yutt āti yuttivic āra ṇabh āvato

vicay ānantara ṃ yuttih āro vutto. Tath ā hi vakkhati – ‘‘ vicayena h ārena vicinitv ā yuttih ārena
yojetabba’’nti.
Yuttāyuttānaṃyeva atthānaṃ upapattianurūpaṃ kāraṇaparamparāya niddhāraṇalakkhaṇaṃ
padaṭṭhānacintanaṃ kattabbanti yuttihārānantaraṃ padaṭṭhānahāro dassito. Tathā hi vakkhati – ‘‘yo koci
upanissayo yo koci paccayo ca, sabbo so padaṭṭhāna’’nti.
Yuttāyuttānaṃ kāraṇaparamparāya pariggahitasabhāvānaṃyeva ca dhammānaṃ avuttānampi
ekalakkhaṇatāya gahaṇaṃ kātabbanti dassanatthaṃ padaṭṭhānānantaraṃ lakkhaṇo hāro vutto. Tathā hi
lakkhaṇahāravibhaṅge ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’tiādinā paṭiccasamuppādaṃ dassetvā ‘‘evaṃ ye
dhammā ekalakkhaṇā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
Atthato niddhāritānampi dhammānaṃ nibbacanādīni vattabbāni, na sutte sarūpato āgatānamevāti
dassanatthaṃ lakkhaṇānantaraṃ catubyūho vutto. Evañhi niravasesato atthāvabodho hoti, evañca katvā
‘‘yadā hi bhikkhu atthassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti dhammassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti tathā tathā naṃ abhiniropetī’’ti
anavasesapariyādānaṃ vakkhati. Tathā ‘‘punappunaṃ gabbhamupetī’’ti ettha ‘‘ye jarāmaraṇena
aṭṭiyitukāmā bhavissanti, te bhavissanti bhojane mattaññuno indriyesu guttadvārā’’tiādinā
sammāpaṭipattiṃ adhippāyabhāvena vakkhati.
Nibbacanādhippāyanidānavacanehi saddhiṃ sutte padatthānaṃ suttantarasaṃsandanasaṅkhāte
pubbāparavicāre dassite tesaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammantarāvaṭṭanaṃ sukhena sakkā dassetunti
catubyūhānantaraṃ āvaṭṭo vutto. Teneva hi ‘‘ārambhatha nikkamathā’’ti gāthāyaṃ
ārambhanikkamanabuddhasāsanayogadhunanehi vīriyasamādhipaññindriyāni niddhāretvā tadanuyogassa
mūlaṃ ‘‘pamādo’’ti suttantare dassito pamādo āvaṭṭito.
Sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāvaṭṭane niyojite sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇavasena saṃkilesavodānadhammānaṃ
padaṭṭhānato bhūmito ca vibhāgo sakkā sukhena yojitunti āvaṭṭānantaraṃ vibhattihāro vutto. Yato
vibhattihāravibhaṅge ‘‘katame dhammā sādhāraṇā? Dve dhammā sādhāraṇā, nāmasādhāraṇā
vatthusādhāraṇā cā’’ti ārabhitvā ‘‘micchattaniyatānaṃ sattānaṃ aniyatānañca sattānaṃ
dassanappahātabbā kilesā sādhāraṇā, puthujjanassa sotāpannassa ca kāmarāgabyāpādā sādhāraṇā’’tiādinā
sabhāgavisabhāgapariyāyavanteyeva dhamme vibhajissati.
Sāvajjānavajjadhammānaṃ sappaṭibhāgābhāvato tesaṃ vibhāge kate suttāgate dhamme akasirena
paṭipakkhato parivattetuṃ sakkāti vibhattianantaraṃ parivattanahāro vutto. Tathā hi ‘‘sammādiṭṭhissa
purisapuggalassa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā bhavatī’’ti paṭivibhattasabhāve eva dhamme
parivattanahāravibhaṅge udāharissati.
Paṭipakkhato parivattitāpi dhammā pariyāyavacanehi bodhetabbā, na sutte āgatāyevāti dassanatthaṃ
parivattanānantaraṃ vevacanahāro vutto.
Evaṃ te dhammā pariyāyasaddatopi vibhāvitā hontīti pariyāyato pakāsitānaṃ dhammānaṃ
pabhedato paññattivasena vibhajanaṃ sukhena sakkā ñātunti vevacanahārānantaraṃ paññattihāro vutto.
Tathā hi sutte āgatadhammānaṃ pariyāyapaññattivibhāgaṃ subodhanañca paññattihāravibhaṅge
vakkhati.
Pabhāvapariññādipaññattivibhāgamukhena paṭiccasamuppādasaccādidhammavibhāge kate sutte
āgatadhammānaṃ paṭiccasamuppādādimukhena avadhāraṇaṃ sakkā dassetunti paññattianantaraṃ
otaraṇo hāro vutto. Tathā hi ‘‘uddhaṃ adho’’ti gāthaṃ uddisitvā ‘‘vippamutto’’ti padena asekkhaṃ
vijjaṃ niddhāretvā ‘‘vijjuppādā avijjānirodho’’tiādinā paṭiccasamuppādaṃ udāharissati.
Dh ātāyatan ādīsu ot ārit āna ṃ sutte padatth āna ṃ pucch ārambhavisodhana ṃ sakk ā sukhena

samp ādetunti otara ṇā nantara ṃ sodhano h āro vutto. Tath ā hi vakkhati – ‘‘ yattha eva ṃ suddho
ārambho, so pañho vissajjito bhavatī’’tiādi.
Visodhitesu sutte padapadatthesu tattha labbhamānasāmaññavisesabhāvo sukaro hotīti dassetuṃ
sodhanānantaraṃ adhiṭṭhāno hāro dassito. Sodhano hi adhiṭṭhānassa bahūpakāro, tato eva hi ‘‘yathā yathā
vā pana pucchitaṃ, tathā tathā vissajjayitabba’’nti vakkhati.
Sāmaññavisesabhūtesu sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇesu dhammesu paveditesu parikkhārasaṅkhātassa
sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇarūpassa paccayaheturāsissa pabhedo suviññeyyoti adhiṭṭhānānantaraṃ parikkhāro
vutto. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘asādhāraṇalakkhaṇo hetu, sādhāraṇalakkhaṇo paccayo. Yathā kiṃ bhave, yathā
aṅkurassa nibbattiyā bījaṃ asādhāraṇaṃ, pathavī āpo ca sādhāraṇā’’tiādi.
Asādhāraṇe sādhāraṇe ca kāraṇe dassite tassa attano phalesu kāraṇākāro tesaṃ hetuphalānaṃ
pabhedato desanākāro bhāvetabbapahātabbadhammānaṃ bhāvanāpahānāni ca niddhāretvā vuccamānāni
sammā suttassa atthaṃ tathattāvabodhāya saṃvattantīti parikkhārānantaraṃ samāropano hāro dassitoti.
Idaṃ hārānaṃ anukkamakāraṇaṃ.
Nayānaṃ pana veneyyattayappayojitattā atthanayattayūpadesassa tadanukkameneva
nandiyāvaṭṭādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ atthanayānaṃ kamo veditabbo. Ugghaṭitaññuādayo hi tayo veneyyā
nandiyāvaṭṭādayo payojenti. Tasmā te uddesaniddesapaṭiniddesā viya yathākkamaṃ tesaṃ upakārāya
savaṃttantīti. Tathā hi nesaṃ cattāro cha aṭṭha ca mūlapadā niddiṭṭhā. Itarassa pana nayadvayassa
atthanayattayassa bhūmiyā ālocanaṃ tassa tattha samānayanañcāti iminā kāraṇena uddesakkamo
veditabbo. Na hi sakkā anoloketvā samānetunti.
Etaparamatā ca hārānaṃ ettakehi pakāravisesehi atthanayattayasahitehi suttassa attho
niddhāriyamāno veneyyānaṃ alamanuttarāya paṭhamāya bhūmiyā samadhigamāyāti veditabbo.
Dassanabhūmisamanuppattiatthā hi nettippakaraṇadesanāti. Atha vā etadantogadhattā sabbesaṃ suttassa
saṃvaṇṇanāvisesānaṃ ettāvatā hārānaṃ daṭṭhabbā. Yattakā hi suttassa saṃvaṇṇanāvisesā, sabbe te
nettiupadesāyattāti vuttovāyamattho.
Tathā hi ye keci suttassa saṃvaṇṇanāpakārā niddisīyanti. Seyyathidaṃ – suttassa samuṭṭhānaṃ
vattabbaṃ, adhippāyo vibhāvetabbo, anekadhā padattho saṃvaṇṇetabbo, vidhi anuvādo ca veditabbo,
virodho samādhātabbo, anusandhiyā anurūpaṃ nigametabbanti. Tathā suttassa payojanaṃ piṇḍattho
padattho anusandhi codanā parihāro ca atthaṃ vadantena vattabbāti. Tathā
upogghāṭapadaviggahapadatthacālanāpaccupaṭṭhānāni vattabbānīti.
Tathā tisso kathā ekanāḷikā caturassā nisinnavattikā. Tattha pāḷiṃ vatvā ekekapadassa atthakathanaṃ
ekanāḷikānāma.
Paṭipakkhaṃ dassetvā paṭipakkhassa upamaṃ dassetvā sapakkhaṃ dassetvā sapakkhassa upamaṃ
dassetvā kathanaṃ caturassānāma.
Visabhāgadhammavaseneva pariyosānaṃ gantvā puna sabhāgadhammavaseneva
pariyosānagamanaṃ nisinnavattikānāma.
Bhedakathāya tatvakathāya pariyāyavacanehi ca suttaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbanti ca evamādayo. Tesampi
ettheva avarodho, yasmā te idha katipayahārasaṅgahitāti.
Nayānaṃ pana yasmā ugghaṭitaññuādayo tayo eva veneyyā saccābhisamayabhāgino tadatthāya ca
atthanayadesanā, tasmā satipi saṃkilesavodānadhammānaṃ yathāvuttamūlapadabhedato vaḍḍhetvā
vibhajitabbappak āre tath ā m ūlapad āni ava ḍḍ hetv ā veneyyattayavaseneva etaparamat ā vutt ā. Navasu

navasu eva hi m ūlapadesu sabbesa ṃ sa ṃ kilesavod ānadhamm āna ṃ antogadhabh āvato na t āni
vaḍḍhetabbāni veneyyattayādhikārato na hāpetabbānīti nayānaṃ etaparamatā daṭṭhabbā.
Kammanayānaṃ pana ālocanasamānayanato aññassa pakārantarassa asambhavato etaparamatā.
Hetvādīti ettha ādisaddena phalabhūmiupanisāsabhāgavisabhāgalakkhaṇanayādayo pariggahitā. Tesu
hetūti kāraṇaṃ, yo dhammotipi vuccati, so pana paccayabhāvena ekavidho. Kārako sampāpakoti
duvidho. Puna kārako ñāpako sampāpakoti tividho. Hetuhetu paccayahetu uttamahetu sādhāraṇahetūti
catubbidho. Paccayadhammo kusalo akusalo saddo ariyamaggoti pañcavidho. Tathā sabhāgahetu
asabhāgahetu ajjhattikahetu bāhirahetu janakahetu pariggāhakahetu sādhāraṇahetu asādhāraṇahetu
samanantarahetu paramparahetu sahajātahetu asahajātahetu sāsavahetu anāsavahetūtiādinā anekavidho
cāti veditabbo.
Phala mpi paccayuppannabhāvena ekavidhaṃ. Adhigantabbatopi sampāpakahetuvasena
phalapariyāyo labbhatīti nibbattetabbaadhigantabbabhāvato duvidhaṃ. Ñāpetabbanibbattetabbapattabbato
tividhaṃ. Paccayuppannavipākakiriyāvacanatthanibbānavasena pañcavidhaṃ. Sabhāgahetunibbattaṃ
asabhāgahetunibbattanti evamādivasena anekavidhañcāti veditabbaṃ. Tathā lokiyaṃ lokuttaranti. Tattha
lokuttaraṃ cattāri sāmaññaphalāni. Lokiyaphalaṃ duvidhaṃ kāyikaṃ mānasañca. Tattha kāyikaṃ
pañcadvārikaṃ, avasiṭṭhaṃ mānasaṃ. Yañca tāya tāya suttadesanāya sādhetabbaṃ, tadapi phalanti.
Bhūmīti sāsavabhūmi anāsavabhūmi saṅkhatabhūmi asaṅkhatabhūmi dassanabhūmi bhāvanābhūmi
puthujjanabhūmi sekkhabhūmi asekkhabhūmi sāvakabhūmi paccekabuddhabhūmi
sammāsambuddhabhūmi jhānabhūmi asamāhitabhūmi paṭipajjamānabhūmi paṭipannabhūmi
paṭhamābhūmi yāva catutthībhūmi kāmāvacarabhūmi yāva lokuttarabhūmīti bahuvidhā. Tattha
sāsavabhūmi parittamahaggatā dhammā. Anāsavabhūmi appamāṇā dhammā. Saṅkhatabhūmi
nibbānavajjā sabbe sabhāvadhammā. Asaṅkhatabhūmi appaccayā dhammā. Dassanabhūmi
paṭhamamaggaphaladhammā. Bhāvanābhūmi avasiṭṭhamaggaphaladhammā. Puthujjanabhūmi
hīnamajjhimā dhammā. Sekkhabhūmi cattāro ariyamaggadhammā heṭṭhimā ca tayo phaladhammā.
Asekkhabhūmi aggaphaladhammā. Sāvakapaccekabuddhabuddhadhammā sāvakādibhūmiyo. Jhānabhūmi
jh ānadhammā. Asamāhitabhūmi jhānavajjitā dhammā. Paṭipajjamānabhūmi maggadhammā.
Paṭipannabhūmi phaladhammā. Paṭhamādibhūmiyo saha phalena cattāro maggā apariyāpannā dhammā
‘‘paṭhamāya bhūmiyā pattiyā’’tiādivacanato. Kāmāvacarādibhūmiyo kāmāvacarādidhammā. Ye ca
dhammā tesaṃ tesaṃ hāranayānaṃ patiṭṭhānabhāvena suttesu niddhārīyanti, tepi bhūmiyoti viññātabbā.
Upanisāti balavakāraṇaṃ, yo upanissayapaccayoti vuccati. Yañca sandhāya sutte ‘‘dukkhūpanisā
saddhā saddhūpanisaṃ ‘sīla’nti yāva vimuttūpanisaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassana’’nti vuttaṃ. Api ca upanisāti
tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye siddhante hadayabhūtaṃ abbhantaraṃ vuccati. Idhāpi nettihadayaṃ, yaṃ sammā
pariggaṇhantā dhammakathikā tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sutte āgatadhammamukhena sabbahāranayayojanāya
samatthā honti. Kiṃ panetaṃ nettihadayaṃ? Yadidaṃ etasseva tettiṃsavidhassa
pakaraṇapadatthasoḷasassa aṭṭhavīsatividhapaṭṭhānavibhaṅgasahitassa visayo saha nimittavibhāgena
asaṅkarato vavatthito.
Seyyathidaṃ – desanāhārassa assādādayo visayo, tassa assādādivibhāvanalakkhaṇattā. Tassa assādo
sukhaṃ somanassanti evamādivibhāgo, tassa nimittaṃ iṭṭhārammaṇādi, ayañca attho
desanāhāravicayahāraniddesavaṇṇanāyaṃ vitthārato pakāsito eva. Sutte āgatadhammassa
sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāvaṭṭanavisayo āvaṭṭahāro, tadubhayaāvaṭṭanalakkhaṇattā. Sutte
āgatadhammānaṃ paccanīkadhammavisayo parivattanahāro, paṭipakkhadhammaparivattanalakkhaṇattā.
Padaṭṭhānaparikkhāresu āsannakāraṇaṃ upanissayakāraṇañca padaṭṭhānaṃ, hetu parikkhāroti
ayametesaṃ viseso.
Sabhāgavisabhāgadhammāca tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ anukūlapaṭikūladhammā yathākkamaṃ
veditabbā. Yathā – sammādiṭṭhiyā sammāsaṅkappo sabhāgo, micchāsaṅkappo visabhāgoti iminā nayena
sabba ṃ sabh āgavisabh āgato veditabba ṃ .

Lakkha ṇanti sabh āvo. So h āranay āna ṃ niddese vibh āvito eva.
Yaṃ panetaṃ hetuādivisesavinimuttaṃ hāranayānaṃ yojanānibandhanaṃ, so nayo. Yathāha –
lakkhaṇahāre ‘‘evaṃ ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā kiccato ca lakkhaṇato ca sāmaññato cā’’tiādi. Tathā
vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttihārena yojetabbāti. Tathā sodhanahārādīsu suddho ārambho hoti, so pañho
vissajjito bhavatīti evamādi. Ekattādayopi nayā idha nayoti gahetabbā.
Evaṃ hetuphalādīni upadhāretvā nesaṃ vasena tattha tattha sutte
labbhamānapadatthaniddhāraṇamukhena yathālakkhaṇaṃ ete hārā nayā ca yojetabbā. Visesato pana
padaṭṭhānaparikkhārā hetuvasena. Desanāvicayacatubyūhasamāropanā hetuphalavasena. Tathā
vevacanapaññattiotaraṇasodhanā phalavasenevāti keci. Vibhatti hetubhūmivasena. Parivatto
visabhāgavasena. Āvaṭṭo sabhāgavisabhāgavasena. Lakkhaṇayuttiadhiṭṭhānā nayavasena yojetabbāti.
Ettāvatā ca yaṃ vuttaṃ –
‘‘Sāmaññato visesena, padattho lakkhaṇaṃ kamo;
Ettāvatā ca hetvādī, veditabbā hi viññunā’’ti.
Ayaṃ gāthā vuttatthā hoti.
Niddesavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Paṭiniddesavāravaṇṇanā
1. Desanāhāravibhaṅgavaṇṇanā
5. Evaṃ hārādayo sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gāthābandhavasena sarūpato niddisitvā idāni tesu hāre tāva
paṭiniddesavasena vibhajituṃ ‘‘tattha katamo desanāhāro’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha katamo ti
kathetukamyatāpucchā. Desanāhāro ti pucchitabbadhammanidassanaṃ. Kiñcāpi desanāhāro niddesavāre
sarūpato dassito, paṭiniddesassa pana visayaṃ dassento ‘‘assādādīnavatā’’ti gāthaṃ ekadesena
paccāmasati. Ayaṃ desanāhāro pubbāparāpekkho. Tattha pubbāpekkhatte ‘‘katamo desanāhāro’’ti
pucchitvā ‘‘assādādīnavatā’’ti sarūpato dassitassa nigamanaṃ hoti. Parāpekkhatte pana ‘‘ayaṃ
desanāhāro kiṃ desayatī’’ti desanākiriyāya kattuniddeso hoti. Tena desanāhārassa anvatthasaññataṃ
dasseti. Desayatīti saṃvaṇṇeti, vitthāretīti attho.
Idāni anena desetabbadhamme sarūpato dassento ‘‘assāda’’ntiādimāha, taṃ pubbe vuttanayattā
uttānameva. Tasmā ito parampi avuttameva vaṇṇayissāma. ‘‘Kattha pana āgate assādādike ayaṃ hāro
saṃvaṇṇetī’’ti anuyogaṃ manasikatvā desanāhārena saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammaṃ dassento ‘‘dhammaṃ vo,
bhikkhave, desessāmī’’tiādikaṃ sabbapariyattidhammasaṅgāhakaṃ bhagavato chachakkadesanaṃ
ekadesena dasseti.
Tattha dhamma nti ayaṃ dhamma -saddo pariyattisaccasamādhipaññāpakatipuññāpattiñeyyādīsu
bahūsu atthesu diṭṭhappayogo. Tathā hi ‘‘idha, bhikkhu, dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇātī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.73)
pariyattidhamme dissati. ‘‘Diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.299; mahāva. 18) sacce.
‘‘Evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesu’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.13, 145) samādhimhi. ‘‘Saccaṃ dhammo dhiti
cāgo’’ti evamādīsu (jā. 1.1.57; 1.2.147-148) paññāyaṃ. ‘‘Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattāna’’nti
evamādīsu (dī. ni. 2.398; ma. ni. 1.131) pakatiyaṃ. ‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāri’’ntiādīsu (jā.
1.10.102; 1.15.385) puññe. ‘‘Cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’ti evamādīsu (pārā. 233) āpattiyaṃ. ‘‘Kusalā
dhammā akusalādhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. tikamātikā 1) ñeyye. Idha pana pariyattiyaṃ daṭṭhabboti (ma.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.mūlapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. cittuppādakaṇḍa 1; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 1.1).
Vo ti pana aya ṃ vo -saddo ‘‘ handa d āni, bhikkhave, pav āremi vo ’’ ti (sa ṃ. ni. 1.215) ettha

upayogatthe āgato. ‘‘ Sannipatit āna ṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvaya ṃ kara ṇī ya ’’ nti ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.273)
karaṇatthe. ‘‘Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhakāyakammantā’’tiādīsu padapūraṇe. ‘‘Ārocayāmi vo,
bhikkhave’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 7.72) sampadānatthe. Idhāpi sampadānatthe evāti daṭṭhabbo.
Bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogena bhikkhū, bhinnakilesatādiguṇayogena vā. Atha vā saṃsāre bhayaṃ
ikkhantīti bhikkhū. Bhikkhave ti tesaṃ ālapanaṃ. Tena te dhammassavane niyojento attano
mukhābhimukhaṃ karoti. Desessāmīti kathessāmi. Tena nāhaṃ dhammissaratāya tumhe aññaṃ kiñci
kāreyyāmi, anāvaraṇañāṇena sabbaṃ ñeyyadhammaṃ paccakkhakāritāya pana dhammaṃ desessāmīti
idāni pavattiyamānaṃ dhammadesanaṃ paṭijānāti. Ādikalyāṇantiādīsu ādimhi kalyāṇaṃ ādikalyāṇaṃ,
ādikalyāṇametassāti vā ādikalyāṇaṃ. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Tattha sīlena ādikalyāṇaṃ.
Samādhinā majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Paññāya pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ. Buddhasubuddhatāya vā ādikalyāṇaṃ.
Dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ. Atha vā
ugghaṭitaññuvinayanena ādikalyāṇaṃ. Vipañcitaññuvinayanena majjhekalyāṇaṃ
neyyapuggalavinayanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ. Ayamevattho idhādhippeto.
Atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ. Byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanādichaatthapadasamāyogato
vā sātthaṃ. Akkharādichabyañjanapadasamāyogato sabyañjanaṃ. Ayamevattho idhādhippeto.
Upanetabbābhāvato ekantena paripuṇṇanti kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbābhāvato parisuddhaṃ.
Sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhapāripūriyā vā paripuṇṇaṃ. Caturoghanittharaṇāya pavattiyā
lokāmisanirapekkhatāya ca parisuddhaṃ. Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ brahmūnaṃ vā seṭṭhānaṃ
ariyānaṃ cariyaṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsayissāmi paridīpayissāmīti
attho.
Evaṃ bhagavatā desito pakāsito ca sāsanadhammo yesaṃ assādādīnaṃ dassanavasena pavatto, te
assādādayo desanāhārassa visayabhūtā yattha yattha pāṭhe savisesaṃ vuttā, tato tato niddhāretvā
udāharaṇavasena idhānetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha katamo assādo’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha kāma nti
manāpiyarūpādiṃ tebhūmakadhammasaṅkhātaṃ vatthukāmaṃ. Kāmayamānassāti icchantassa. Tassa
cetaṃ samijjhatīti tassa kāmayamānassa sattassa taṃ kāmasaṅkhātaṃ vatthu samijjhati ce, sace so taṃ
labhatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Addhāpītimanohotīti ekaṃsena tuṭṭhacitto hoti. Laddhāti labhitvā. Macco ti
satto. Yadicchatīti yaṃ icchati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana niddese (mahāni. 1) vuttanayena
veditabbo. Ayaṃ assādo ti yāyaṃ adhippāyasamijjhanā icchitalābhe pītimanatā somanassaṃ, ayaṃ
assādetabbato assādo.
Tassa ce kāmayānassāti tassa puggalassa kāme icchamānassa, kāmena vā yāyamānassa.
Chandajātassāti jātataṇhassa. Jantuno ti sattassa. Te kāmā parihāyantīti te vatthukāmā kenaci
antarāyena vinassanti ce. Sallaviddhova ruppatīti atha ayomayādinā sallena viddho viya pīḷiyatīti attho.
Ayaṃ ādīnavo ti yāyaṃ kāmānaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā kāmayānassa sattassa ruppanā
domanassuppatti, ayaṃ ādīnavo.
Yo kāme parivajjetīti yo bhikkhu yathāvutte kāme tattha chandarāgassa vikkhambhanena vā
samucchindanena vā sabbabhāgena vajjeti. Yathā kiṃ? Sappasseva padā siro ti, yathā koci puriso
jīvitukāmo kaṇhasappaṃ paṭipathe passitvā attano pādena tassa siraṃ parivajjeti, somaṃ…pe…
samativattatīti so bhikkhu sabbaṃ lokaṃ visaritvā ṭhitattā loke visattikāsaṅkhātaṃ imaṃ taṇhaṃ satimā
hutvā samatikkamatīti. Idaṃ nissaraṇanti yadidaṃ visattikāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya nibbānārammaṇena
ariyamaggena samativattanaṃ, idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
Khetta nti kedārādikhettaṃ. Vatthu nti gharavatthuādivatthuṃ. Hiraññaṃ vāti kahāpaṇasaṅkhātaṃ
suvaṇṇasaṅkhātañca hiraññaṃ. Vā-saddo vikappanattho, so sabbapadesu yojetabbo. Gavāssa nti gāvo ca
asse cāti gavāssaṃ. Dāsaporisa nti dāse ca porise cāti dāsaporisaṃ. Thiyo ti itthiyo. Bandhūti
ñātibandhavo. Puthū kāme ti aññepi vā manāpiyarūpādike bahū kāmaguṇe. Yo naro anugijjhatīti yo
satto anu anu abhika ṅkhati patthet īti attho. Aya ṃ ass ādo ti yadida ṃ khett ādīna ṃ anugijjhana ṃ, aya ṃ

ass ādeti vatthuk āme eten āti ass ādo.
Abalānaṃ balīyantīti khettādibhede kāme anugijjhantaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ kusalehi pahātabbattā
abalasaṅkhātā kilesā balīyanti abhibhavanti, saddhābalādivirahena vā abalaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ abalā kilesā
balīyanti, abalattā abhibhavantīti attho. Maddantenaṃ parissayāti enaṃ kāmagiddhaṃ kāme
pariyesantaṃ rakkhantañca sīhādayo ca pākaṭaparissayā kāyaduccaritādayo ca apākaṭaparissayā
maddanti. Tato naṃ…pe… daka nti tato tehi pākaṭāpākaṭaparissayehi abhibhūtaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ
jātiādidukkhaṃ samudde bhinnanāvaṃ udakaṃ viya anveti anugacchatīti attho. Ayaṃ ādīnavo ti yvāyaṃ
taṇhāduccaritasaṃkilesahetuko jātiādidukkhānubandho, ayaṃ ādīnavo.
Tasmāti yasmā kāmagiddhassa vuttanayena dukkhānubandho vijjati, tasmā. Jantūti satto. Sadā
sato ti pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogena sato hutvā. Kāmāni parivajjaye ti vikkhambhanavasena
samucchedavasena ca rūpādīsu vatthukāmesu sabbappakāraṃ kilesakāmaṃ anuppādento kāmāni
parivajjaye pajaheyya. Te pahāya tare ogha nti evaṃ te kāme pahāya tappahānakaraariyamaggeneva
catubbidhampi oghaṃ tareyya, tarituṃ sakkuṇeyyāti attho. Nāvaṃ sitvāva pāragūti yathā puriso
udakaggahaṇena garubhāraṃ nāvaṃ udakaṃ bahi siñcitvā lahukāya nāvāya appakasireneva pāragū
bhaveyya, pāraṃ gaccheyya, evameva attabhāvanāvaṃ kilesūdakagarukaṃ siñcitvā lahukena attabhāvena
pāragū bhaveyya, pāraṃ nibbānaṃ arahattappattiyā gaccheyya anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā
parinibbānenāti attho. Idaṃ nissaraṇanti yaṃ kāmappahānamukhena caturoghaṃ taritvā anupādisesāya
nibbānadhātuyā nibbānaṃ, idaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaraṇato nissaraṇanti.
Dhammo ti dānādipuññadhammo. Have ti nipātamattaṃ. Rakkhati dhammacārinti yo taṃ
dhammaṃ appamatto carati, taṃ dhammacāriṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikabhedena duvidhatopi
anatthato rakkhati pāleti. Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle ti vassakāle deve vassante yathā
mahantaṃ chattaṃ kusalena purisena dhāritaṃ taṃ vassatemanato rakkhati. Tattha yathā taṃ chattaṃ
appamatto hutvā attānaṃ rakkhantaṃ chādentañca vassādito rakkhati, evaṃ dhammopi
attasammāpaṇidhānena appamatto hutvā dhammacariyāya attānaṃ rakkhantaṃyeva rakkhatīti adhippāyo.
Esā…pe… cārīti etena vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti, taṃ suviññeyyameva. Idaṃ phala nti
diṭṭhadhammikehi samparāyikehi ca anatthehi yadidaṃ dhammassa rakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ rakkhāvasānassa
ca abbhudayassa nipphādanaṃ, idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ anāmasitvā desanāya nibbattetabbatāya phalanti.
Sabbe dhammāti sabbe saṅkhatā dhammā. Anattāti natthi etesaṃ attā kārakavedakasabhāvo,
sayaṃ vā na attāti anattāti. Itīti evaṃ. Yadā paññāya passatīti yasmiṃ kāle vipassanaṃ ussukkāpento
anattānupassanāsaṅkhātāya paññāya passati. Atha nibbindati dukkhe ti atha anattānupassanāya pubbe
eva aniccatādukkhatānaṃ suparidiṭṭhattā nibbidānupassanāvasena vipassanāgocarabhūte
pañcakkhandhadukkhe nibbindati nibbedaṃ āpajjati. Esa maggo visuddhiyāti yā vuttalakkhaṇā
nibbidānupassanā sabbakilesavisujjhanato visuddhisaṅkhātassa ariyamaggassa accantavisuddhiyā vā
amatadhātuyā maggo upāyo. Ayaṃ upāyo ti yadidaṃ anattānupassanāmukhena sabbasmiṃ vaṭṭasmiṃ
nibbindanaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ visuddhiyā adhigamahetubhāvato upāyo.
‘‘Cakkhumā…pe… parivajjaye’’ti imissā gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – yathā cakkhumā puriso
sarīre vahante visamāni bhūmippadesāni caṇḍatāya vā visame hatthiādayo parivajjeti, evaṃ loke
sappañño puriso sappaññatāya hitāhitaṃ jānanto pāpāni lāmakāni duccaritāni parivajjeyyāti. Ayaṃ
āṇattīti yā ayaṃ ‘‘pāpāni parivajjetabbānī’’ti dhammarājassa bhagavato āṇā, ayaṃ āṇattīti.
Evaṃ visuṃ visuṃ suttesu āgatā phalūpāyāṇattiyo udāharaṇabhāvena dassetvā idāni tā ekato āgatā
dassetuṃ ‘‘suññato’’ti gāthamāha.
Tattha suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, mogharājāti āṇattīti ‘‘mogharāja, sabbampi saṅkhāralokaṃ
avasavattitāsallakkhaṇavasena vā tucchabhāvasamanupassanavasena vā suññoti passā’’ti idaṃ
dhammarājassa vacanaṃ vidhānabhāvato āṇatti. Sabbadā satikiriyāya taṃsuññatādassanaṃ sampajjatīti

‘‘sad ā satoti up āyo ’’ti vutta ṃ. Attānudiṭṭhiṃ ū hacc āti v īsativatthuka ṃ sakk āyadassana ṃ
uddharitvā samucchinditvā. Evaṃ maccutaro siyāti. Idaṃ phala nti yaṃ evaṃ vuttena vidhinā
maccutaraṇaṃ maccuno visayātikkamanaṃ tassa yaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāpaṭipajjanaṃ, idaṃ desanāya
phalanti attho. Yathā pana assādādayo sutte katthaci sarūpato katthaci niddhāretabbatāya katthaci visuṃ
visuṃ katthaci ekato dassitā, na evaṃ phalādayo. Phalādayo pana sabbattha sutte gāthāsu vā ekato
dassetabbāti imassa nayassa dassanatthaṃ visuṃ visuṃ udāharitvāpi puna ‘‘suññato loka’’ntiādinā ekato
udāharaṇaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
6. Evaṃ assādādayo udāharaṇavasena sarūpato dassetvā idāni tattha puggalavibhāgena
desanāvibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha bhagavā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
Tattha ugghaṭitaṃ ghaṭitamattaṃ uddiṭṭhamattaṃ yassa niddesapaṭiniddesā na katā, taṃ jānātīti
ugghaṭitaññū. Uddesamattena sappabhedaṃ savitthāramatthaṃ paṭivijjhatīti attho, ugghaṭitaṃ vā
uccalitaṃ uṭṭhapitanti attho, taṃ jānātīti ugghaṭitaññū. Dhammo hi desiyamāno desakato desanābhājanaṃ
saṅkamanto viya hoti, tamesa uccalitameva jānātīti attho, calitameva vā ugghaṭitaṃ. Sassatādiākārassa hi
veneyyānaṃ āsayassa buddhāveṇikā dhammadesanā taṅkhaṇapatitā eva calanāya hoti, tato
paramparānuvattiyā, tatthāyaṃ ugghaṭite calitamatteyeva āsaye dhammaṃ jānāti avabujjhatīti
ugghaṭitaññū, tassa ugghaṭitaññussa nissaraṇaṃ desayati, tattakeneva tassa atthasiddhito. Vipañcitaṃ
vitthāritaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ jānātīti vipañcitaññū, vipañcitaṃ vā mandaṃ saṇikaṃ dhammaṃ jānātīti
vipañcitaññū, tassa vipañcitaññussa ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati, nātisaṅkhepavitthārāya
desanāya tassa atthasiddhito. Netabbo dhammassa paṭiniddisena atthaṃ pāpetabboti neyyo,
mudindriyatāya vā paṭilomaggahaṇato netabbo anunetabboti neyyo, tassa neyyassa assādaṃ ādīnavaṃ
nissaraṇañca desayati, anavasesetvāva desanena tassa atthasiddhito. Tatthāyaṃ pāḷi –
‘‘Katamo ca puggalo ugghaṭitaññū? Yassa puggalassa saha udāhaṭavelāya
dhammābhisamayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ugghaṭitaññū.
‘‘Katamo ca puggalo vipañcitaññū? Yassa puggalassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthe
vibhajiyamāne dhammābhisamayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo vipañcitaññū.
‘‘Katamo ca puggalo neyyo? Yassa puggalassa uddesato paripucchato yonisomanasikaroto
kalyāṇamitte sevato bhajato payirupāsato evaṃ anupubbena dhammābhisamayo hoti. Ayaṃ
vuccati puggalo neyyo’’ti (pu. pa. 148-150).
Padaparamo panettha nettiyaṃ paṭivedhassa abhājananti na gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca assādo,
ādīnavo, nissaraṇaṃ, assādo ca ādīnavo ca, assādo ca nissaraṇañca, ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca, assādo ca
ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañcāti ete satta paṭṭhānanayā.
Tesu tatiyachaṭṭhasattamā veneyyattayavinayane samatthatāya gahitā, itare cattāro na gahitā. Na hi
kevalena assādena ādīnavena tadubhayena vā kathitena veneyyavinayanaṃ sambhavati, kilesānaṃ
pahānāvacanato. Pañcamopi ādīnavāvacanato nissaraṇassa anupāyo eva. Na hi vimuttirasā bhagavato
desanā vimuttiṃ tadupāyañca anāmasantī pavattati. Tasmā ete cattāro nayā anuddhaṭā. Sace pana
padaparamassa puggalassa vasena pavattaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ tadubhayabhāge ṭhitaṃ
desanaṃ suttekadesaṃ gāthaṃ vā tādisaṃ etesaṃ nayānaṃ udāharaṇabhāvena uddharati, evaṃ sati
sattannampi nayānaṃ gahaṇaṃ bhaveyya. Veneyyavinayanaṃ pana tesaṃ santāne ariyamaggassa
uppādanaṃ. Taṃ yathāvuttehi eva nayeti, nāvasesehīti itare idha na vuttā. Yasmā pana peṭake (peṭako.
23) –
‘‘Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca?
Yāni karoti puriso, tāni attani passati;

Kaly āṇ ak ārī kaly āṇ aṃ, pāpak ārī ca p āpaka ’’ nti.
Tattha yaṃ kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ paccanubhoti, ayaṃ assādo. Yaṃ pāpakārī pāpaṃ paccanubhoti,
ayaṃ ādīnavo.
Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, lokadhammā. Katame aṭṭha? Lābhotiādi (a. ni. 8.6). Tattha lābho yaso sukhaṃ
pasaṃsā, ayaṃ assādo. Alābho ayaso dukkhaṃ nindā, ayaṃ ādīnavo.
Tattha katamo assādo ca nissaraṇañca?
‘‘Sukho vipāko puññānaṃ, adhippāyo ca ijjhati;
Khippañca paramaṃ santiṃ, nibbānamadhigacchatī’’ti. (peṭako. 23);
Ayaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca.
Dvattiṃsimāni, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa
mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā…pe… vivaṭacchadoti sabbaṃ lakkhaṇasuttaṃ, (dī. ni.
3.199) ayaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca.
Tattha katamo ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca?
‘‘Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;
Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukhaṃ.
‘‘Nikkhipitvā garuṃ bhāraṃ, aññaṃ bhāraṃ anādiya;
Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 3.22);
Ayaṃ ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca.
Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca?
‘‘Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā, virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ;
Tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja, apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyoti. (ma. ni. 2.307; theragā. 787-
788; peṭako. 23);
Ayaṃ assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañcā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā tepi nayā idha niddhāretvā veditabbā.
Phalādīsupi ayaṃ nayo labbhati eva. Yasmā peṭake (peṭako. 22) ‘‘tattha katamaṃ phalañca upāyo ca?
Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti gāthā (saṃ. ni. 1.23), idaṃ phalañca upāyo ca.
Tattha katamaṃ phalañca āṇatti ca?
‘‘Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;
Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā rahoti. (udā. 44);
Idaṃ phalañca āṇatti ca.
Tattha katamo upāyo ca āṇatti ca?
‘‘Kumbhūpamaṃ kāyamimaṃ viditvā, nagarūpamaṃ cittamidaṃ ṭhapetvā;
Yodhetha m āra ṃ paññ āvudhena, jitañca rakkhe anivesano siy ā’’ ti. (dha. pa. 40);