Saddanītippakaraṇaṃ (padamālā)

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm āsambuddhassa
Saddanītippakaraṇaṃ (padam ālā)
Ganthārambhakathā
Dhīrehi magganāyena, yena buddhena desitaṃ;
Sitaṃ dhammamidhaññāya, ñāyate amataṃ padaṃ.
Taṃ namitvā mahāvīraṃ, sabbaññuṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Mahākāruṇikaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, visuddhaṃ suddhidāyakaṃ.
Saddhammañcassa pūjetvā, suddhaṃ santamasaṅkhataṃ;
Atakkāvacaraṃ suṭṭhu, vibhattaṃ madhuraṃ sivaṃ.
Saṅghassa ca’ñjaliṃ katvā, puññakkhettassa tādino;
Sīlasamādhipaññādi-visuddhaguṇajotino.
Namassanādipuññassa, katassa ratanattaye;
Tejasāhaṃ pahantvāna, antarāye asesato.
Lokanītiviyattassa, satthu saddhammanītino;
Sāsanatthaṃ pavakkhāmi, saddanītimanākulaṃ.
Āsavakkhayalābhena, hoti sāsanasampadā;
Āsavakkhayalābho ca, saccādhigamahetuko.
Saccādhigamanaṃ tañca, paṭipattissitaṃ mataṃ;
Paṭipatti ca sā kāmaṃ, pariyattiparāyaṇā.
Pariyattābhiyuttānaṃ, viditvā saddalakkhaṇaṃ;
Yasmā na hoti sammoho, akkharesu padesu ca.
Yasmā cāmohabhāvena, akkharesu padesu ca;
Pāḷiyatthaṃ vijānanti, viññū sugatasāsane.
Pāḷiyatthāvabodhena, yoniso satthusāsane;
Sappaññā paṭipajjanti, paṭipattimatandikā.
Yoniso paṭipajjitvā, dhammaṃ lokuttaraṃ varaṃ;
Pāpuṇanti visuddhāya, sīlādipaṭipattiyā.
Tasmā tadatthikā suddhaṃ, nayaṃ nissāya viññunaṃ;
Bhaññamānaṃ mayā sadda-nītiṃgaṇhantu sādhukaṃ.
Dhātu dhātūhi nipphanna-rūpāni ca salakkhaṇo;
Sandhināmādibhedo ca, padānaṃ tu vibhatti ca.
Pāḷinayādayocceva-mettha nānappakārato;
Sāsanassopakārāya, bhavissati vibhāvanā.
1. Savikara ṇā khy ātavibh āga

Tattha dh ātūti kena ṭṭhena dh ātu? Sakatthampi dh āretīti dh ātu, atth ātisayayogato paratthampi
dhāretīti dhātu, vīsatiyā upasaggesu yena kenaci upasaggena atthavisesakāraṇena paṭibaddhā
atthavisesampi dhāretīti dhātu, ‘‘ayaṃ imissā attho, ayamito paccayo paro’’tiādinā anekappakārena
paṇḍitehi dhāriyati esātipi dhātu, vidahanti viduno etāya saddanipphattiṃ ayalohādimayaṃ
ayalohādidhātūhi viyātipi dhātu. Evaṃ tāva dhātu saddassattho veditabbo.
Dhātu saddo jinamate, itthiliṅgattane mato;
Satthe pulliṅgabhāvasmiṃ, kaccāyanamate dvisu.
Atha vā jinamate ‘‘tato gotamidhātūnī’’ti ettha dhātu saddo liṅgavipallāse vattati ‘‘pabbatāni
vanāni cā’’ti ettha pabbata saddo viya, na panettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhivācakattā napuṃsakaniddeso’’ti
aṭṭhivācakattepi ‘‘dhātuyo’’ti itthiliṅgadassanato. Bhūvādayo saddā dhātavo. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhū i ku
ke takka taka taki sukaiccādayo. Gaṇato te aṭṭhavidhā bhūvādigaṇo rudhādigaṇo divādigaṇo
svādigaṇo kiyādigaṇo gahādigaṇo tanādigaṇo curādigaṇo cāti. Idāni tesaṃ vikaraṇasaññite paccaye
dassessāma. Anekavidhā hi paccayā nānappakāresu nāmanāma kitanāma samāsanāma
taddhitanāmākhyātesu pavattanato. Saṅkhepato pana duvidhāva nāmapaccayo ākhyātapaccayo cāti.
Tatrāpi ākhyātapaccayā duvidhā vikaraṇapaccayanovikaraṇapaccayavasena. Tattha vikaraṇapaccayo
akārādisattarasavidho aggahitaggahaṇena pannarasavidho ca. Novikaraṇapaccayo pana kha cha
sādinekavidho. Ye rūpanipphattiyā upakārakā atthavisesassa jotakā vā ajotakā vā lopanīyā vā
alopanīyā vā, te saddā paccayā.
Paṭicca kāraṇaṃ taṃ taṃ, entīti paccayātha vā;
Paṭicca saddanipphatti, ito etīti paccayā.
Nāmikappaccayānaṃ yo, vibhāgo āvi hessati;
Nāmakappe yato tasmā, na taṃ vitthārayāmase.
Yo novikaraṇānaṃ tu, paccayānaṃ vibhāgato;
So panākhyātakappamhi, vitthārenā’gamissatīti.
Iccānekavidhesu paccayesu ‘‘vikaraṇapaccayā nāma ime’’ti sallakkhetabbā. Kathaṃ?
Bhūvādigaṇato apaccayo hoti kattari, rudhādigaṇato akārivaṇṇekārokāra paccayā honti kattari,
pubbamajjhaṭṭhāne niggahītāgamo ca, divādigaṇato ya paccayo hoti kattari, svādigaṇato ṇu ṇā
uṇā paccayā honti kattari, kiyādigaṇato nāpaccayo hoti kattari, gahādigaṇato ppa ṇhāpaccayā honti
kattari, tanādigaṇato o yira paccayā honti kattari, curādigaṇato ṇe ṇaya paccayā honti kattari.
Akāro ca ivaṇṇo ca, e okārā ca yo tathā;
Ṇu ṇā uṇā ca nā ppa ṇhā-yirā ṇe ṇaya paccayā.
Aggahitaggahaṇena, evaṃ pannarase’ritā;
Vikaraṇavhayā ete, paccayāti vibhāvaye.
Ye evaṃ niddiṭṭhehi vikaraṇapaccayehi tadaññehi ca sappaccayā aṭṭhavidhā dhātugaṇā
suttantesu bahūpakārā, tesvāyaṃ bhūvādigaṇo. Bhūsattāyaṃ, bhūdhātu vijjamānatāyaṃ vattati.
Sakammikākammikāsu dhātūsu ayaṃ akammikā dhātu, na pana ‘‘dhammabhūto’’tiādīsu
pattiatthavācikā aparā bhūdhātu viya sakammikā. Esā hi pariabhiādīhi upasaggehi yuttāyeva
sakammikā bhavati, na upa parā pātu ādīhi upasagganipātehi yuttāpi. Ato imissā siddhāni rūpāni
dvidhā ñeyyāni akammakapadāni sakammakapadāni cāti.
Suddhakattukriyāpadaniddesa
Tatra bhavati ubbhavati samubbhavati pabhavati parābhavati sambhavati vibhavati, bhoti
sambhoti vibhoti pātubhavati pātubbhavati pātubhoti, imāni akammakapadāni. Ettha pātu iti nipāto,
so ‘‘āvibhavati tirobhavatī’’tiādīsu āvi tiro nip ātā viya bh ūdh ātuto nipphann ākhy ātasaddassa neva

visesakaro, na ca sakammakattasādhako. Uicc ādayo upasagg ā, te pana visesakarā, na
sakammakattasādhakā. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo na hoti, tāni padāni akammakāni.
Akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ sakammakākammakavasena attho kathetabbo. Paribhoti
paribhavati, abhibhoti abhibhavati, adhibhoti adhibhavati, atibhoti atibhavati, anubhoti anubhavati,
samanubhoti samanubhavati, abhisambhoti abhisambhavati, imāni sakammakapadāni. Ettha
pariiccādayo upasaggā, te bhūdhātuto nipphannākhyātasaddassa visesakarā ceva
sakammakattasādhakā ca. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo, tāni padāni sakammakāni.
Sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena attho kathetabbo, kvaci akammakavasenapi. Evaṃ
suddhakattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Uddesoyaṃ.
Tatra bhavatīti hoti vijjati paññāyati sarūpaṃ labhati. Ubbhavatīti uppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati.
Samubbhavatīti samuppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati. Pabhavatīti hoti sambhavati. Atha vā pabhavatīti
yato kutoci sandati, na vicchijjati, avicchinnaṃ hoti, taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ visarati. Parābhavatīti
parābhavo hoti byasanaṃ āpajjati avuddhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Sambhavatīti suṭṭhu bhavati vuddhiṃ
virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjati. Vibhavatīti ucchijjati vinassati vipajjati, visesato vā bhavati sampajjati.
Bhoti sambhoti vibhotīti imāni ‘‘bhavati sambhavati vibhavatī’’ti imehi yathākkamaṃ
samānaniddesāni. Pātubhavatīti pakāsati dissati paññāyati pākaṭaṃ hoti. Pātubbhavati pātubhotīti
imāni ‘‘pātubhavatī’’ti iminā samānaniddesāni. Evaṃ akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ
sakammakākammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesampi
akammakapadānaṃ.
Paribhotidukādīsu pana sattasu dukesu yathākkamaṃ dve dve padāni samānatthāni, tasmā dve
dve padāniyeva gahetvā niddisissāma. Tatra paribhoti paribhavatīti paraṃ hiṃsati pīḷeti, atha vā
hīḷeti avajānāti. Abhibhoti abhibhavatīti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. Adhibhoti adhibhavatīti
paraṃ abhimadditvā bhavati attano vasaṃ vattāpeti. Atibhoti atibhavatīti paraṃ atikkamitvā
bhavati. Anubhoti anubhavatīti sukhadukkhaṃ vedeti paribhuñjati sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti.
Samanubhoti samanubhavatīti sukhadukkhaṃ suṭṭhu vedeti suṭṭhu paribhuñjati suṭṭhu
sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti. Abhisambhoti abhisambhavatīti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. Evaṃ
sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Katthaci pana gacchatīti
pavattatīti evaṃ akammakavasenapi. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesaṃ sakammakapadānaṃ.
Apaccayo paro hoti, bhūvādigaṇato sati;
Suddhakattukriyākhyāne, sabbadhātukanissite.
Ayaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
Hetukattukriyāpadaniddesa
Bhāveti vibhāvetisambhāveti paribhāveti, evaṃ hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti.
Ekakammakavasenesamattho gahetabbo. Pacchimassa pana dvikammakavasenapi. Paribhāvāpeti
abhibhāvāpeti anubhāvāpeti, evampi hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Dvikammakavasenesamattho
gahetabbo. Iccevaṃ dvidhā hetukattukriyāpadāni ñeyyāni, aññānipi gahetabbāni.
Tatra bhāvetīti puggalo bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci bhāveti āsevati bahulīkaroti, atha vā bhāvetīti
vaḍḍheti. Vibhāvetīti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci vibhāveti visesena bhāveti, vividhena vā ākārena
bhāveti bhāvayati vaḍḍheti, atha vā vibhāvetīti abhāveti antaradhāpeti. Sambhāvetīti yassa kassaci
guṇaṃ sambhāveti sambhāvayati suṭṭhu pakāseti ukkaṃseti. Paribhāvetīti paribhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ
kiñci paribhāveti paribhāvayati samantato vaḍḍheti. Evaṃ ekakammakavasenattho gahetabbo. Atha
vā paribhāvetīti vāsetabbaṃ vatthuṃ paribhāveti paribhāvayati vāseti gandhaṃ gāhāpeti. Evaṃ
dvikammakavasenāpi attho gahetabbo. Paribhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena sapattaṃ paribhāvāpeti
hiṃsāpeti, atha vā paribhāvāpetīti hīḷāpeti avajānāpeti. Abhibhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena
sapattaṃ abhibhāvāpeti ajjhottharāpeti. Anubhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena sampattiṃ anubhāvāpeti
paribhojeti.

Payutto kattun ā yoge, ṭhitoyev āppadh āniye;
Kriyaṃ sādheti etassa, dīpakaṃ sāsane padaṃ.
Karaṇavacanaṃyeva, yebhuyyena padissati;
Ākhyāte kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, sandhāya kathitaṃ idaṃ.
Na nāme kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, ‘‘bodhetā’’ itiādikaṃ;
‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iccādīni padāni ca;
Āharitvāna dīpeyya, payogakusalo budho.
Tatridaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ, upayogasāmivacanānipi taddīpakāni yojetabbāni.
Kathaṃ? Paribhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalaṃ sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti, tathā paribhāvāpetīti
puggalo puggalassa sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti. Sesāni nayānusārena niddisitabbāni. Evaṃ sabbānetāni
karaṇopayogasāmivacanāni kammatthadīpakāniyeva honti, tasmā dvikammakavasenattho gahetabbo.
Ayaṃ hetukattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
Kammakriyāpadaniddesa
Bhaviyate vibhaviyate paribhaviyate abhibhaviyate anubhaviyate paribhūyate abhibhūyate
anubhūyate, evaṃ kammuno kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhaviyyate vibhaviyyate
paribhaviyyate abhibhaviyyate anubhaviyyate paribhuyyate abhibhuyyate anubhuyyateti. Ettha
kammuno kriyāpadāniyeva kammakattuno kriyāpadāni katvā yojetabbāni. Visuñhi kammakattuno
kriyāpadāni na labbhanti.
Tatra bhaviyate ti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena bhāviyate āseviyate bahulīkariyate, atha
vā bhaviyate ti vaḍḍhiyate. Vibhaviyate ti vibhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena vibhaviyate visesena
bhaviyate, vividhena vā ākārena bhaviyate vaḍḍhiyate, atha vā vibhaviyate ti abhaviyate
antaradhāpiyate. Paribhaviyate ti sapatto puggalena paribhaviyate hiṃsiyate, atha vā
paribhaviyate ti hīḷiyate avajāniyate. Abhibhaviyate ti sapatto puggalena abhibhaviyate
ajjhotthariyate abhimaddiyate. Anubhaviyate ti sampatti puggalena anubhaviyate paribhuñjiyate.
Paribhūyate tiādīni tīṇi ‘‘paribhaviyate’’tiādīhi tīhi samānaniddesāni. Sesāni pana yathāvuttehi yaṃ
kammameva padhānato gahetvā niddisiyati padaṃ, taṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ. Tasmā kattari
ekavacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva
kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi panekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva. Tathā
kattari bahuvacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ ekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva
kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi pana bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva.
Kathaṃ? Bhikkhunā dhammo bhaviyate, bhikkhunā dhammā bhaviyante, bhikkhūhi dhammo
bhaviyate, bhikkhūhi dhammā bhaviyanteti. Iminā nayena sabbattha kammuno kriyāpadesu vohāro
kātabbo. Yasmiṃ pana kammuno kriyāpade kammatthadīpake kammabhūtassevatthassa
kattubhāvaparikappo hoti, taṃ kammakattutthadīpakaṃ, taṃ kammuno kriyāpadato visuṃ na
labbhati. Ayaṃ panettha atthaviññāpane payogaracanā. Sayameva paribhaviyate dubbhāsitaṃ
bhaṇaṃ bālo tappaccayā aññehi paribhūtopi, sayameva abhibhaviyate pāpakārī niraye nirayapālehi
abhibhūtopi tathārūpassa kammassa sayaṃ katattāti. Ettha hi sayameva pīyate pānīyaṃ, sayameva
kaṭo kariyatetiādīsu viya sukhābhisaṅkharaṇīyatā labbhateva, tato kammakattutā ca.
Ayaṃ kammuno kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
Bhāvakriyāpadaniddesa
Bhūyate bhaviyate ubbhaviyate, evaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhuyyate
bhaviyyate ubbhaviyyateti. Tatra yathā ṭhīyate padassa ṭhānanti bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchanti,
evaṃ bhūyatetiādīnampi bhavanantiādinā bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchitabbaṃ. Yathā ca ṭhānaṃ
ṭhiti bhavanantiādīhi bh āvav ācakakitantan āmapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe cha ṭṭhiyojanamicchanti,

na tath ā ṭhīyate bh ūyatetiādīhi bh āvav ācak ākhy ātapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe cha ṭṭhiyojan ā
icchitabbā sambandhe pavattachaṭṭhiyantasaddehi asambandhanīyattā ākhyātikapadānaṃ. Yasmiṃ
payoge yaṃ kammuno kriyāpadena samānagatikaṃ katvā vinā kammena niddisiyati kriyāpadaṃ,
kattuvācakapadaṃ pana paccattavacanena vā karaṇavacanena vā niddisiyati, taṃ tattha
bhāvatthadīpakaṃ. Na hi sabbathā kattāramanissāya bhāvo pavattati. Evaṃ santepi bhāvo nāma
kevalo bhavanalavanapacanādiko dhātuatthoyeva. Akkharacintakā pana ‘‘ṭhīyate bhūyate’’tiādīsu
bhāvavisayesu karaṇavacanameva payuñjanti ‘‘nanu nāma pabbajitena sunivatthena bhavitabbaṃ
supārutena ākappasampannenā’’tiādīsu viya, tasmā tesaṃ mate ‘‘tena ubbhaviyate’’ti
karaṇavacanena yojetabbaṃ. Jinamatena pana ‘‘so bhūyate’’tiādinā paccattavacaneneva.
Saccasaṅkhepa ppakaraṇe hi dhammapālācariyena, niddesapāḷiyaṃpana dhammasenāpatinā,
dhajaggasuttante bhagavatā ca bhāvapadaṃ paccattavacanāpekkhavasenu’ccāritaṃ.
Kathito saccasaṅkhepe, paccattavacanena ve,
‘‘Bhūyate’’ iti saddassa, sambandho bhāvadīpano.
Niddesapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ, vibhoti vibhaviyyati’’;
Iti dassanato vāpi, paccattavacanaṃ thiraṃ.
Tathā dhajaggasuttante, munināhaccabhāsite;
‘‘So pahīyissati’’ iti, pāḷidassanatopi ca.
Pāramitānubhāvena, mahesīnaṃva dehato;
Santi nipphādanā, neva, sakkatādivaco viya.
Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ;
Ekavacanikañcāpi, bahuvacanikampi ca;
Kātabbamiti no khanti, parassapadaādike.
Tasmā rūpaṃ vibhaviyyati, rūpāni vibhaviyyanti, tvaṃ vibhaviyyasi, tumhe vibhaviyyatha,
ahaṃ vibhaviyyāmi, mayaṃ vibhaviyyāma, rūpaṃ vibhaviyyate, rūpāni vibhaviyyante iccevamādi
jinavacan ānurūpato yojetabbaṃ. Atrāyaṃ padasodhanā –
Vibhaviyyatīti idaṃ, kammapadasamānakaṃ;
Na ca kammapadaṃ nāpi, kammakattupadādikaṃ.
Yadi kammapadaṃ etaṃ, paccattavacanaṃ pana;
Kammaṃ dīpeyya karaṇa-vacanaṃ kattudīpakaṃ.
Yadi kammakattupadaṃ, ‘‘pīyate’’ti padaṃ viya;
Siyā sakammakaṃ, netaṃ, tathā hotīti dīpaye.
Yadi kattupadaṃ etaṃ, vibhavatipadaṃ viya;
Vinā ya paccayaṃ tiṭṭhe, na tathā tiṭṭhate idaṃ.
Na kattari bhuvādīnaṃ, gaṇe ya paccayo ruto;
Divādīnaṃ gaṇeyeva, kattari samudīrito.
Na bhūdhātu divādīnaṃ, dhātūnaṃ dissate gaṇe;
Bhūvādikacurādīnaṃ, gaṇesuyeva dissati.
‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’ iccādo, tasmā ya paccayo pana;
Bhāveyevāti viññeyyaṃ, viññunā samayaññunā.
Ettha hi pākaṭaṃ katvā, bhāvakārakalakkhaṇaṃ;

Dassayiss āmaha ṃ dāni, sakkacca ṃ me nibodhatha.
‘‘Tisso gacchati’’iccatra, kattāraṃ kattuno padaṃ;
‘‘Dhammo desiyati’’ccatra, kammaṃ tu kammuno padaṃ.
Sarūpato pakāseti, tasmā te pākaṭā ubho;
Tathā vibhaviyyatīti-ādibhāvapadaṃ pana.
Sarūpato na dīpeti, kārakaṃ bhāvanāmakaṃ;
Dabbabhūtaṃ tu kattāraṃ, pakāseti sarūpato.
Kattāraṃ pana dīpentaṃ, kattusannissitampi taṃ;
Bhāvaṃ dīpeti svākāro, paccayena vibhāvito.
Yasmā ca kattubhāvena, bhāvo nāma na tiṭṭhati;
Kattāva kattubhāvena, bhāvaṭṭhāne ṭhito tato.
Yajjevaṃ kattuvohāro, bhāvassa tu kathaṃ siyā;
‘‘Sāvakānaṃ sannipāto, ahosi’’itiādisu.
Iti ce nissayānaṃ tu, vasā nissitasambhavā;
Kattuṭṭhānepi bhāvassa, kattupaññatti sijjhati.
Kārake kattukammavhe, kriyāsannissaye yathā;
Dhārentī āsanathālī, kriyādhāroti kappitā.
Tathā bhāvapadaṃ dhīrā, kattāraṃ bhāvanissayaṃ;
Dīpayantampi kappenti, bhāvassa vācakaṃ iti.
Keci adabbabhūtassa, bhāvassekattato bravuṃ;
Bhāvedekavacovādi-purisasseva hotiti.
Pāḷiṃ patvāna tesaṃ tu, vacanaṃ appamāṇakaṃ;
‘‘Te saṃkilesikā dhammā, pahīyissanti’’ iti hi.
Pāṭho pāvacane diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase;
Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ.
Vacanehi yutaṃ dvīhi, icchitabbanti no ruci;
Bhāve kriyāpadaṃ nāma, pāḷiyaṃ atiduddasaṃ;
Tasmā taggahaṇūpāyo, vutto ettāvatā mayāti.
Ayaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
Evaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadāni hetukattukriyāpadāni kammuno kriyāpadāni, bhāvassa
kriyāpadāni cāti catudhā, kammakattukriyāpadehi vā pañcadhā bhū dhātuto nipphannāni kriyāpadāni
nānappakārena niddiṭṭhāni, etāni lokiyānaṃ bhāvabhedavasena vohārabhedo hotīti dassanatthaṃ
visuṃ visuṃ vuttāni. Atthato pana kammakattubhāvakārakattayavasena tividhāneva. Hetukattā hi
suddhakattusaṅkhāte kārake tassaṅgabhāvato saṅgahamupagacchati, tathā kammakattā
kammakārake, bhāvo pana kevalo. So hi gamanapacanalavanādivasenānekavidhopi kriyāsabhāvattā
bhedarahito kārakantaro. Evaṃ santepi dabbasannissitattā dabbabhedena bhijjati. Tena pāvacane
bhāvavācakaṃ padaṃ bahuvacanantampi dissati. Ākhyātikapade bhāvakārakavohāro niruttinayaṃ
nissāya gato, atthato pana bhāvassa kārakatā nupapajjati. So hi na kiñci janeti, na ca kriyāya
nimittaṃ. Kriyānimittabhāvoyeva hi kārakalakkhaṇaṃ. Iti mukhyato vā hetuto vā bhāvassa kārakatā

na labbhati. Eva ṃ santepi so kara ṇamattatt ā kāraka ṃ. Tath ā hi kara ṇaṃ kāro, kriy ā, tadeva
kārakanti bhāvassa kārakatā daṭṭhabbā. Yasmā pana kriyānimittabhāvoyeva kārakalakkhaṇaṃ, tasmā
nāmikapade kārakalakkhaṇe bhāvakārakanti vohāraṃ pahāya
kattukammakaraṇasampadānāpādānādhikaraṇānaṃ channaṃ vatthūnaṃ
kattukārakakammakārakantiādi vohāro kariyati veyyākaraṇehi. Evaṃ niruttinayaṃ nissāya vuttaṃ
bhāvakārakañca dve ca kammakattukārakānīti kārakattayaṃ bhavati. Taddīpakañcākhyātikapadaṃ
tikārakaṃ.
Imamatthañhi sandhāya, vuttamācariyehipi;
Mahāveyyākaraṇehi, niruttinayadassibhi.
‘‘Yaṃ tikālaṃ tipurisaṃ, kriyāvāci tikārakaṃ;
Atiliṅgaṃ dvivacanaṃ, tadākhyātanti vuccatī’’ti.
Idha bhāvakammesu attanopaduppattiṃ keci akkharacintakā avassamicchantīti tesaṃ
mativibhāvanatthamamhehi bhāvakammānaṃ kriyāpadāni attanopadavasenuddiṭṭhāni ceva
niddiṭṭhāni ca. Sabbānipi panetāni tikārakāni kriyāpadāni kriyāpadamālamicchatā
parassapadattanopadavasena yojetabbāni. Pāḷiādīsu hi tikārakāni kriyāpadāni
parassapadattanopadavasena dvidhā ṭhitāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati.
Samādhijjhānakusalā, vandanti lokanāyakaṃ. Monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Atthābhisamayā dhīro,
paṇḍitoti pavuccati. Kathaṃ paṭipannassa puggalassa rūpaṃ vibhoti vibhaviyyati. So pahīyissati.
Paṇḍukambale nikkhittaṃ bhāsate tapate. Pūjako labhate pūjaṃ. Puttakāmā thiyo yācaṃ, labhante
tādisaṃ sutaṃ. Asito tādi vuccate sabrahmā. Aggijādi pubbeva bhūyate. So pahīyethāpi no
pahīyethāti evaṃ dvidhā ṭhitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –
Tikārakāni sabbāni, kriyāpadāni pāyato;
Parassapadayogena, dissanti piṭakattaye.
Attanopadayuttāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu hi;
Atīvappāni gāthāsu, padānīti bahūni tu.
Gāthāsu cevitarāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu ca;
Subahūneva hutvāna, dissantīti pakāsaye.
Padānaṃ niddeso panati antiādīnaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vacanānamanurūpena yojetabbo. Evaṃ
tikārakakriyāpadāni sarūpato vavatthānato niddesato ca veditabbāni.
Idāni nopasaggākammikādivasena bhavatissa dhātussa vinicchayaṃ vadāma –
Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;
Sopasaggā sakammā ca, iti bhū ti vibhāvitā.
Idaṃ tu vacanaṃ ‘‘dhamma-bhūto bhutvā’’tiādisu;
Pattānubhavanatthaṃ me, vivajjetvā udīritaṃ.
Etena pana atthena, nopasaggasakammikaṃ;
Gahetvā catudhā hoti, iti ñeyyaṃ visesato.
Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;
Bhū dhātu kārite sante, ekakammā bhavanti hi.
‘‘Bhāveti kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, vibhāvetī’’timānidha;
Dassetabbāni viññūhi, sāsanaññūhi sāsane.

Sopasagg ā sakamm ā tu, k āritappaccaye sati;
Dvikammāyeva hotīti, ñātabbaṃ viññunā kathaṃ.
Abhibhāventi purisā, purise pāṇajātikaṃ;
Anubhāveti puriso, sampattiṃ purisaṃ iti.
Idaṃ sakammakaṃ nāma, akammakamidaṃ iti;
Kathamamhehi ñātabbaṃ, vitthārena vadetha no.
Vitthāreneva kiṃ vattuṃ, sakkomi ekadesato;
Kathayissāmi sakkaccaṃ, vadato me nibodhatha.
Ākhyātikapadaṃ nāma, duvidhaṃ samudīritaṃ;
Sakammakamakammañca, iti viññū vibhāvaye.
Tatra yassa payogamhi, padassa kattunā kriyā;
Nipphāditā vinā kammaṃ, na hoti taṃ sakammakaṃ.
‘‘Pacatī’’ti hi vutte tu, yena kenaci jantunā;
Odanaṃ vā panaññaṃ vā, kiñci vatthunti ñāyati.
Yassa pana payogamhi, kammena rahitā kriyā;
Padassa ñāyate etaṃ, akammakanti tīraye.
‘‘Tiṭṭhati devadatto’’ti, vutte kenaci jantunā;
Ṭhānaṃva buddhivisayo, kammabhūtaṃ na kiñcipi.
Sakammakapadaṃ tattha, kattāraṃ kammameva ca;
Pakāseti yathāyoga-miti viññū vibhāvaye.
‘‘Odanaṃ pacati poso, odano paccate sayaṃ’’;
Iccudāharaṇā ñeyyā, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.
Akammakapadaṃ nāma, kattāraṃ bhāvameva ca;
Yathārahaṃ pakāseti, iti dhīropalakkhaye.
Kattāraṃ ‘‘tiṭṭhati’’ccatra, sūceti bhāvanāmakaṃ;
‘‘Upaṭṭhīyati’’ iccatra, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.
Evaṃ sakammakākammaṃ, ñatvā yojeyya buddhimā;
Tikammakañca jāneyya, karādo kārite sati.
‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti purisa’’nti ca;
‘‘Puriso purise gāmaṃ, rathaṃ vāheti’’iccapi.
Ettha bhavati dhātumhi, nayo eso na labbhati;
Tasmā dvikammakaññeva, padamettha vibhāvitaṃ.
Ediso ca nayo nāma, pāḷiyaṃ tu na dissati;
Ekaccānaṃ mateneva, mayā evaṃ pakāsito.
Ettha ca ‘‘tamenaṃ rājā, vividhā kammakāraṇā;
Kārāpet ī’’ ti yo p āṭ ho, niddese ta ṃ suniddise.

‘‘ Manusseh ī’’ ti āharitv ā, pāṭ hasesa ṃ sumedhaso;
‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iti pāṭhassa dassanā.
Etaṃ nayaṃ vidū ñatvā, yoje pāṭhānurūpato;
‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti puriseni’’ti.
Vikaraṇappaccayāva, vuttā ettha sarūpato;
Sagaṇe sagaṇe tesaṃ, vuttiṃ dīpetumeva ca.
‘‘Asmiṃ gaṇe ayaṃ dhātu, hotī’’ti tehi viññuno;
Viññāpetuñca aññehi, ñāpanā paccayehi na.
Tathā hi bhāvakammesu, vihito paccayo tu yo;
Aṭṭhavidhepi dhātūnaṃ, gaṇasmiṃ sampavattati.
Bhū dhātujesu rūpesu, asammohāya sotunaṃ;
Nānāvidho nayo evaṃ, mayā ettha pakāsito.
Ye loke appayuttā vividhavikaraṇākhyātasaddesvachekā,
Te patvākhyātasadde avigatavimatī honti ñāṇīpi tasmā;
Accantaññeva dhīro saparahitarato sāsane daḷhapemo,
Yogaṃ tesaṃ payoge paṭutaramatitaṃ patthayāno kareyya.
Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu
Viññūnaṃ kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe
Savikaraṇākhyātavibhāgo nāma
Paṭhamo paricchedo.
2. Bhavatikriyāpadamālāvibhāga
Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, sotūnaṃ mativaḍḍhanaṃ;
Kriyāpadakkamaṃ nāma, vibhattādīni dīpayaṃ.
Tatra ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattasūcikā tyādayo vibhattiyo, tā aṭṭhavidhā
vattamānāpañcamīsattamīparokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantī kālātipattivasena.
Tatthati anti, si tha, mi ma, te ante, se vhe, e mhe iccetā vattamānāvibhattiyo nāma.
Tu antu, hi tha, mi ma, taṃ antaṃ, su vho, e āmase iccetā pañcamīvibhattiyo nāma.
Eyya eyyuṃ, eyyāsi eyyātha, eyyāmi eyyāma, etha eraṃ, etho eyyāvho, eyyaṃ eyyāmhe iccetā
sattamīvibhattiyo nāma.
A u, e ttha, aṃ mha, ttha re, ttho vho, iṃ mhe iccetā parokkhāvibhattiyo nāma.
Ā ū, o ttha, aṃ mhā, ttha tthuṃ, se vhaṃ, iṃ mhase iccetā hiyyattanīvibhattiyo nāma.
Ī uṃ, o ttha, iṃ mhā, ā ū, se vhaṃ, aṃ mhe iccetā ajjatanīvibhattiyo nāma.
Ssati ssanti, ssasi ssatha, ss āmi ss āma, ssate ssante, ssase ssavhe, ssa ṃ ss āmhe iccet ā

bhavissant īvibhattiyo n āma.
Ssā ssaṃsu, sse ssatha, ssaṃ ssāmhā, ssatha ssisu, ssase ssavhe, ssiṃ ssāmhase iccetā
kālātipattivibhattiyo nāma.
Sabbāsametāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbakāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadāni nāma.
Yāni yāni pana parāni cha padāni, tāni tāni attanopadāni nāma. Tattha parassapadāni vattamānā cha,
pañcamiyo cha, sattamiyo cha, parokkhā cha, hiyyattaniyo cha, ajjataniyo cha, bhavissantiyo cha,
kālātipattiyo chāti aṭṭhacattālīsavidhāni honti, tathā itarāni, sabbāni tāni piṇḍitāni channavutividhāni.
Parassapadānamattanopadānañca dve dve padāni paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā nāma. Te
vattamānādīsu cattāro cattāro, aṭṭhannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vasena dvattiṃsa, piṇḍitāni parimāṇāneva.
Dvīsu dvīsu padesu paṭhamaṃ paṭhamaṃ ekavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ dutiyaṃ bahuvacanaṃ.
Tatra vattamānavibhattīnanti anti, si tha, mi ma iccetāni parassapadāni. Te ante, se vhe, e mhe
iccetāni attanopadāni. Parassapadattanopadesupiti anti iti paṭhamapurisā, sitha iti majjhimapurisā, mi
ma iti uttamapurisā, te ante iti paṭhamapurisā, se vhe iti majjhimapurisā, e mhe iti uttamapurisā.
Paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisesupi ti-iti ekavacanaṃ, anti-iti bahuvacananti evaṃ
ekavacanabahuvacanāni kamato ñeyyāni. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu
parassapadattanopadapaṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisekavacanabahuvacanāni ñeyyāni.
Tattha vibhattīti kenaṭṭhena vibhatti? Kālādivasena dhātvatthaṃ vibhajatīti vibhatti, syādīhi
nāmikavibhattīhi saha sabbasaṅgāhakavasena pana sakatthaparatthādibhede atthe vibhajatīti vibhatti,
kammādayo vā kārake ekavacanabahuvacanavasena vibhajatīti vibhatti, vibhajitabbā ñāṇenātipi
vibhatti, vibhajanti atthe etāyātipi vibhatti, atha vā satipi jinasāsane avibhattikaniddese sabbena
sabbaṃ vibhattīhi vinā atthassā’niddisitabbato visesena vividhena vā ākārena bhajanti sevanti naṃ
paṇḍitātipi vibhatti. Tattha avibhattikaniddesalakkhaṇaṃ vadāma saha payoganidassanādīhi.
Avibhattikaniddeso, nāmikesupalabbhati;
Nākhyātesūti viññeyya-midamettha nidassanaṃ.
Nigrodhova mahārukkho, thera vādānamuttamo;
Anūnaṃ anadhikañca, kevalaṃ jinasāsanaṃ.
Tatra thera-iti avibhattiko niddeso, therānaṃ ayanti thero. Ko so? Vādo. Theravādo aññesaṃ
vādānaṃ uttamoti ayamattho veditabbo.
‘‘Kāyo te sabba sovaṇṇo’’, iccādimhipi nāmike;
Avibhattikaniddeso, gahetabbo nayaññunā.
Avibhattikaniddeso, nanvākhyātepi dissati;
‘‘Bho khāda piva’’iccatra, vade yo koci codako.
Yadi evaṃ matenassa, bhaveyya avibhattikaṃ;
‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, padampi, na hidaṃ tathā.
‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, si ga lopena vuccati;
Tathā ‘‘khādā’’tiādīni, hi lopena pavuccare.
Evaṃ avibhattikaniddeso ākhyātesu na labbhati, nāmesuyeva labbhati. Tatrāpi ‘‘aṭṭha ca
puggala dhammadasā te’’ti ettha chandavasena puggala iti rassakaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na
‘‘kakusandha koṇāgamano ca kassapo’’ti ettha kakusandha iti avibhattikaniddeso viya

avibhattikaniddeso da ṭṭhabbo. ‘‘ Bhikkhu nisinne m ātug āmo upanisinno v ā hoti upanipanno
vā’’ti ettha pana bhikkhūti idaṃ bhikkhumhīti vattabbatthattā bhumme paccattantipi
adiṭṭhavibhattikaniddesotipi vattuṃ yujjati. Tattha pana chandavasena katarassattā tāni padāni
avibhattikaniddesapakkhampi bhajantīti vattuṃ na yujjati.
Tattha parassapadānīti parassa atthabhūtāni padāni parassapadāni. Etthuttamapurisesu attano
atthesupi attanopadavohāro na kariyati.
Kiñcāpi attano atthā, purisā uttamavhayā;
Tathāpi itaresāna-mussannattāva tabbasā;
Tabbohāro imesānaṃ, porāṇehi niropito.
Attanopadānīti attano atthabhūtāni padāni attanopadāni. Ettha pana paṭhamamajjhimapurisesu
parassatthesupi parassapadavohāro na kariyati.
Paṭhamamajjhimā cete, parassatthā tathāpi ca;
Itaresaṃ nirūḷhattā, tabbohārassa saccato.
Imassa panimesānaṃ, pubbavohāratāya ca;
Tathā saṅkaradosassa, haraṇatthāya so ayaṃ;
Attanopadavohāro, esamāropito dhuvaṃ.
Parassapadasaññādi-saññāyo bahukā idha;
Porāṇehi katattātā, saññā porāṇikā matā.
Tasmā idha paṭhamapurisādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ purisānaṃ vacanatthaṃ na pariyesāma. Rūḷhiyā hi
porāṇehi tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā vihitā.
Ekavacanabahuvacanesu pana ekassatthassa vacanaṃ ekavacanaṃ . Bahūnamatthānaṃ
vacanaṃ bahuvacanaṃ . Atha vā bahuttepi sati samudāyavasena jātivasena vā cittena sampiṇḍetvā
ekīkatassatthassa ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, bahutte nissitassa nissayavohārena vuttassa
nissayavasena ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanaṃ
viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ. Abahuttepi sati
attagarukārāparicchedamātikānusandhinayapucchāsabhāgaputhucitta-
samāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena ekatthassa bahūnaṃ viya vacanaṃ bahuvacanaṃ, tathā ye ye
bahavo tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekassatthassa rūḷhīvasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi
bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi
bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa
ārammaṇabhedakiccabhedavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ. Evamimehi ākārehi
ekamhi vattabbe, ekamhi viya ca vattabbe ekavacanaṃ, bahumhi vattabbe, bahumhi viya ca vattabbe
bahuvacanaṃ hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Puthuvacanaṃ, anekavacana nti ca imasseva nāmaṃ.
Vacanesu ayaṃ attho, nāmākhyātavibhattinaṃ;
Vasena adhigantabbo, sāsanatthagavesinā.
Tasmā tadatthaviññāpanatthaṃ idha nāmikapayogehi sahevākhyātapayoge pavakkhāma – ‘‘rājā
āgacchati, sahāyo me āgacchati, ekaṃ citta’’ miccevamādayo ekassatthassa ekavacanapayogā.
‘‘Rājāno āgacchanti, sahāyā me āgacchanti, na me dessā ubho puttā, dve tīṇi’’ iccevamādayo
bavhatthānaṃ bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Sā senā mahatī āsi, bahujjano pasannosi, sabbo taṃ jano ojināyatu, itthigumbassa pavarā,
buddhassāhaṃ vatthayugaṃ adāsiṃ, dvayaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, pemaṃ mahantaṃ
ratanattayassa, kare pasādañca naro avassaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho, balakāyo, devanikāyo, ariyagaṇo’’-
iccevam ādayo, ‘‘ dvika ṃ tika ’’ micc ādayo ca samud āyavasena bavhatth āna ṃ ekavacanapayog ā.

Katthaci pana īdisesu ṭhānesu bahuvacanapayog āpi dissanti. Tath ā hi ‘‘ pūjitā ñātisa ṅghehi,
devakāyā samāgatā, sabbete devanikāyā, dve devasaṅghā, tīṇi dukāni, cattāri navakāni’’
iccevamādayo payogāpi dissanti. Ime ekavacanavasena vattabbassa samudāyassa
bahusamudāyavasena bahuvacanapayogāti gahetabbā, saṅgayhamānā ca bavhatthabahuvacane
saṅgahaṃ gacchanti visuṃyeva vā, tasmā bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacananti etesaṃ nāmaṃ
veditabbaṃ.
‘‘Pāṇaṃ na hane, sasso sampajjati’’ iccevamādayo jātivasena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā,
tabbhāvasāmaññena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
‘‘Nāgaṃ raṭṭhassa pūjitaṃ, sāvatthī saddhā ahosi pasannā’’ iccevamādayo nissayavasena
pavattānaṃ nissayavohārena vuttānamekavacanapayogā.
‘‘Tilakkhaṇaṃ, kusalākusalaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ,
dhammavinayo, cittaseno ca gandhabbo, natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti, āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na
hoti’’ iccevamādayo ekattalakkhaṇe bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā.
‘‘Evaṃ mayaṃ gaṇhāma, amhākaṃ pakati, padhānanti kho meghiya vadamānaṃ kinti
vadeyyāma’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa attavasena bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Te manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ ‘bhuñjatha bhante’ti, ahaṃ manussesu manussabhūtā,
abbhāgatānā’sanakaṃ adāsiṃ’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa garukāravasena bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Appaccayā dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa aparicchedavasena
bahuvacanapayogā, aniyamitasaṅkhāvasena bahuvacanapayogā vā.
Keci pana ‘‘desanāsotapātavasena bahuvacanapayogā’’tipi vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi
tathāgato satisampajaññarahito dhammaṃ deseti, yutti ca na dissati ‘‘mātikāyaṃ pucchāyaṃ
vissajjane cāti tīsupi ṭhānesu appaccayādidhamme desento satthā punappunaṃ bahuvacanavasena
desanāsote patitvā dhammaṃ desetī’’ti.
‘‘Katame dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa mātikānusandhinayena
bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Ime dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchānusandhinayena
bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Katame dhammā no parāmāsā, te dhamme ṭhapetvā avasesā kusalākusalābyākatā dhammā’’
iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchāsabhāgena bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Atthi bhikkhave aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā
nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetī’’ti ayamekassatthassa
puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena bahuvacanapayogo.
‘‘Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane,
Santi puttā videhānaṃ, dīghāvu raṭṭhavaḍḍhano;
Te rajjaṃ kārayissanti, mithilāyaṃ pajāpati’’ –
Iccevamādayo saddā ye ye bahavo, tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekatthassa rūḷhīvasena
bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Sāriputtamoggallāne āmantesi ‘gacchatha tumhe sāriputtā kīṭāgiriṃ gantvā
assajipunabbasukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kīṭāgirismā pabbājanīyakammaṃ karotha, tumhākaṃ ete

saddhivih ārino ’ti’’ , ‘‘ kacci vo kulaputtā, etha byaggh ā nivattavho ’’ iccevam ādayo ekassatthassa
aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karonti’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahuvacanapayogā.
‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti ayamārammaṇabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.
‘‘Cattāro sammappadhānā’’ti ayaṃ pana kiccabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.
Tattha ekatthekavacanaṃ, samudāyāpekkhekavacanaṃ, jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ,
tannissayāpekkhekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇekavacananti pañcavidhaṃ ekavacanaṃ bhavati. Ettha
pana jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ atthato sāmaññāpekkhekavacanamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Bavhatthabahuvacanaṃ, bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ, attabahuvacanaṃ,
garukārabahuvacanaṃ, aparicchedabahuvacanaṃ, mātikānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ,
pucchānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ, pucchāsabhāgabahuvacanaṃ,
puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇabahuvacanaṃ, tannivāsabahuvacanaṃ, taṃputtabahuvacanaṃ,
ekābhidhānabahuvacanaṃ, tannissitāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ, ārammaṇabhedabahuvacanaṃ,
kiccabhedabahuvacananti pannarasavidhaṃ bahuvacanaṃ bhavati. Iccevaṃ vīsadhā sabbāni
ekavacanabahuvacanāni saṅgahitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –
Ekatthe dekavacana-ñcitarasmitarampi ca;
Samudāyajātiekatta-lakkhaṇekavacopi ca;
Sāṭṭhakathe piṭakamhi, pāṭhe pāyena dissare.
Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, bahuvacanakaṃ pana;
Pāḷiyaṃ appakaṃ aṭṭha-kathāṭīkāsu taṃ bahuṃ.
Tathā hi bahukaṃ deka-vacanaṃyeva pāḷiyaṃ;
Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, idamettha nidassanaṃ.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Tava sāsanamāgamma, pattomhi amataṃ padaṃ’’.
Iccevamādayo pāṭhā, bahudhā jinasāsane;
Dissantīti vijāneyya, vidvā akkharacintako.
Sātisayaṃ garukārā-rahassāpi mahesino;
Ekavacanayogena, niddeso dissate yato.
Tato vohārakusalo, kareyyatthānurūpato;
Ekavacanayogaṃ vā, itaraṃ vā sumedhaso.
Pāyena tannivāsamhi, bahuvacanakaṃ ṭhitaṃ;
Taṃputte appakaṃ tanni-ssayekavacanampi ca.
Puthucittāpariccheda-mātikāsandhiādisu;
Bahuvacanakañcāpi, appakanti pakāsaye.
Ekābhidhānato kiccā, tathā gocaratopi ca;
Bahuvacanakaṃ tanni-ssitāpekkhañca appakaṃ.
Iccevaṃ sappayogaṃ tu, ñatvāna vacanadvayaṃ;
Kātabbo pana voh āro, yath āpāḷi vibh āvin ā.

Id āni k ālādivasena ākhy ātappavattiṃ dīpayiss āma –kālak ārakapurisaparid īpaka ṃ
kriyālakkhaṇaṃ ākhyātikaṃ. Tatra kāla nti atītānāgatapaccuppannavasena tayo kālā,
atītānāgatapaccuppannāṇattiparikappakālātipattivasena pana cha, te ekekā tipurisakā.
Vuttappakārakālesu, yadidaṃ vattate yato;
Ākhyātikaṃ tato tassa, kāladīpanatā matā.
Kāraka nti kammakattubhāvā. Te hi upacāramukhyasabhāvavasena karonti karaṇanti ca
‘‘kārakā’’ti vuccanti. Teva yathākkamaṃ kriyānimitta taṃsādhaka taṃsabhāvāti veditabbā.
Kammaṃ kattā ca bhāvo ca, iccevaṃ kārakā tidhā;
Vibhattipaccayā ettha, vuttā nāññatra saccato.
‘‘Paribhaviyyati’’ccādī, kamme sijjhanti kārake;
‘‘Sambhavatī’’tiādīni, sijjhare kattukārake.
‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’iccādī, bhāve sijjhanti kārake;
Tividhesvevametesu, vibhattipaccayā matā.
Kārakattayamuttaṃ yaṃ, ākhyātaṃ natthi sabbaso;
Tasmā taddīpanattampi, tassākhyātassa bhāsitaṃ.
Kārakattaṃ tu bhāvassa, sacepi na samīritaṃ;
Kārakalakkhaṇe tena, bhāvena ca avatthunā.
Kriyānipphatti natthīti, yuttitopi ca natthi taṃ;
Tathāpākhyātike tassa, tabbohāro niruttiyaṃ;
Patiṭṭhitanayovāti, mantvā amhehi bhāsito.
Puriso ti ekavacanabahuvacanakā paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā. Tattha paṭhamapuriso
ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā tumhā’mha saddavajjite
paccattavacanabhūte nāmamhi ‘‘abhinīhāro samijjhati, bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesuñāṇa’’ntiādīsu
viya payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati ‘‘bhāsati vā karoti vā, pīḷiyakkhoti maṃ vidū, vuccatīti
vacana’’ntiādīsu viya appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Katthaci pana pāḷippadese nāmassa
appayuttattā paṭhamapurisapayogattho duranubodho bhavati, yathā ‘‘dukkhaṃ te vedayissāmi, tattha
assāsayantu ma’’nti. Tathā hi ettha ‘‘pādā’’ti pāṭhaseso, tasmiṃ dukkhasāsanārocane vattuṃ
avisahanavasena kilamantaṃ maṃ devassa ubho pādā assāsentu, vissaṭṭho kathehīti maṃ vadathāti
adhippāyo ca bhavati.
Adhippāyo sudubbodho, yasmā vijjati pāḷiyaṃ;
Tasmā upaṭṭhahaṃ gaṇhe, garuṃ garumataṃ vidū.
Tatrimāni bhūdhātādhikārattā bhūdhātuvasena nidassanapadāni. So paribhavati, te
paribhavanti, paribhavati, paribhavanti. Sapatto abhibhaviyate, sabbā vityā’nubhūyate,
abhibhaviyate, anubhūyateti. Yattha satipi nāmassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā
ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, tattha kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ
tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca paṭhamapurisādayo tayo labbhanti. Taṃ yathā? Paribhaviyyate puriso
devadattena, paribhaviyyase tvaṃ devadattena, paribhaviyyamhe mayaṃ akusalehi dhammehi. Ettha
panidaṃ vacanaṃ na vattabbaṃ ‘‘nindanti tuṇhimāsina’ntiādīsu satipi nāmassa kammavācakatte
apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhatīti paṭhamapurisuppatti na siyā’’ti.
Kasmāti ce? ‘‘Nindanti tuṇhimāsina’’ntiādīsu ‘‘janā’’ti ajjhāharitabbassa sādhakavācakassa nāmassa
saddhimākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇabhāvassa icchitattā. Evamuttaratrāpi nayo.
Majjhimapuriso ākhy ātapadena tuly ādhikara ṇe s ādhakav ācake v ā kammav ācake v ā

paccattavacanabh ūte tumha sadde payujjam ānepi, ta ṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjam ānepi
sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Tvaṃ atibhavasi, tumhe atibhavatha, atibhavasi, atibhavatha. Tvaṃ
paribhaviyase devadattena, tumhe paribhaviyavhe. Yattha satipi tumha saddassa sādhakavācakatte
apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, na tattha majjhimapuriso hoti. Itare
pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā?
Tayā abhibhaviyate sapatto, tayā abhibhaviye ahaṃ.
Uttamapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā
paccattavacanabhūte amha sadde payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi
paro hoti. Ahaṃ paribhavāmi, mayaṃ paribhavāma, paribhavāmi, paribhavāma. Ahaṃ
paribhaviyyāmi akusalehi dhammehi, mayaṃ paribhaviyyāma, paribhaviyyāmi, paribhaviyyāma.
Yattha satipi amha saddassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na
labbhati, na tattha uttamapuriso hoti. Itare pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ
tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā? Mayā anubhaviyate sampatti, mayā abhibhaviyase tvaṃ.
Evaṃ yattha yattha sādhakavācakānaṃ vā kammavācakānaṃ vā nāmādīnaṃ
paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ ākhyātapadehi tulyādhikaraṇatte laddhe tattha tattha paṭhamapurisādayo
labbhanti, tasmā nāmādīnaṃ paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ tulyādhikaraṇabhāvoyeva
paṭhamapurisādīnamuppattiyā kāraṇaṃ.
Dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vā purisānamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. Ettha ekābhidhānaṃ nāma
ekato abhidhānaṃ ekakālābhidhānañca. Tañca kho ca saddapayogeyeva, acasaddapayoge
bhinnakālābhidhāne taggahaṇābhāvato. ‘‘Tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha, mayamatthakusalā
bhavāma’’ iccevamādayo tappayogā. Tattha tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha –iccetasmiṃ vohāre ‘‘so ca
atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti evaṃ
dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘Mayamatthakusalā bhavāma’’ iccetasmiṃ pana ‘‘so
ca atthakusalo bhavati, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘tvañca
atthakusalo bhavasi, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evampi
dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘So ca atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi,
ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, te ca
atthakusalā bhavanti, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe ca atthakusalā bhavatha, ahañca atthakusalo
bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evaṃ tiṇṇamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo.
Aparopi atthanayo vuccati – ‘‘tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati, tumhe
atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti vā ‘‘ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati,
mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā iminā nayena anekappabhedo atthanayo. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu
pañcamīsattamiyādīsu paropuriso gahetabbo. Sabbesu ca kriyāpadesu bavhatthavācakesu
bahuvacanantesu, na pana bahuvacanantesupi ekassattano vācakesu garukātabbassekassatthassa
vācakesu ca kriyāpadesu. Ettha codanāsandīpaniyo imā gāthā –
‘‘Tvañca bhavasi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;
‘‘Tumhe bhavatha’’ iccādi, paroposo kathaṃ siyā?;
‘‘Ahaṃ bhavāmi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;
‘‘Mayaṃ bhavāma’’iccādi, uttamo ca kathaṃ siyā?;
Ettha ca vuccate –
Pacchā vutto paro nāma, saññāya paṭipāṭiyā;
Evaṃ pana gahetabbo, paropurisanāmako.
Paṭhamamhā paro nāma, majjhimo uttamopi ca;
Majjhimamhā paro nāma, uttamo puriso ruto.
Evaṃ tu gahaṇañhettha, vohārassānulomakaṃ;
Doso tadanulomamhi, gahaṇasmiṃ na vijjati.

‘‘ Tvañca bhadde sukh ī hohi, eso c āpi mah āmigo ’’ ;
Iti pāṭho yato diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase.
‘‘Tumhe dve sukhitā hotha’’, iccattho tattha dissati;
Evaṃpyayaṃ nayo vutto, attanomatiyā mama.
Attanomati kiñcāpi, kathitā sabbadubbalā;
Tathāpi nayamādāya, kathitattā akopiyā.
‘‘Dhammena rajjaṃ kārentaṃ, raṭṭhā pabbājayittha maṃ;
Tvañca jānapadā ceva, negamā ca samāgatā’’.
‘‘Ahañca maddidevī ca, jālīkaṇhājinā cubho;
Aññamaññaṃ sokanudā, vasāma assame tadā’’.
Etā gāthāpi etassa, atthassa pana sādhikā;
Tāsu vuttanayeneva, attho supākaṭo siyā;
Evaṃ viññūhi viññeyyaṃ, bahunā bhāsitena kiṃ.
Ākārena manāpena, kathane yena kenaci;
Na virujjhati ce attho, taṃ pamāṇaṃ sudhīmataṃ.
Purisattayato eso, paropurisanāmako;
Nupalabbhati paccekaṃ, tadantogadhatova yaṃ.
Pāṭavatthāya sotūnaṃ, vohāratthesu sabbaso;
Visuṃ alabbhamānopi, labbhamānova uddhaṭo.
Saṅkhepatopettha purisappavatti evaṃ upalakkhitabbā ‘‘amha vacanatthe uttamo,
tumha vacanatthe majjhimo, aññesaṃ vacanatthe paṭhamo’’ti.
Tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā, yasmā vuttā tato idaṃ;
Tabbantākhyātikaṃ ñeyyaṃ, purisaparidīpakaṃ.
Evaṃ sabbathāpi ākhyātikassa kālakārakapurisaparidīpanatā vuttā.
Kriyālakkhaṇanti ettha kathaṃ ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇatā veditabbā?
Lakkhiyati kriyāyetaṃ, kriyā vā assa lakkhaṇaṃ;
Kriyālakkhaṇatā evaṃ, veditabbā tathā hi ca.
‘‘Gacchati’’ccādikaṃ sutvā, kriyāsandīpanaṃ padaṃ;
‘‘Ākhyātika’’nti dhīrehi, ākhyātaññūhi saññitaṃ.
Lakkhaṇaṃ hoti nāmassa, yathā satvābhidhānatā;
Kriyābhidhānatā evaṃ, ākhyātasseva lakkhaṇaṃ.
Atthato pana etassa, kriyāvācakatā idha;
Lakkhaṇaṃ iti viññeyyaṃ, lakkhaṇaññūhi lakkhitaṃ.
‘‘Kiṃ karosī’’ti puṭṭhassa, ‘‘pacāmi’’ccādinā ‘‘ahaṃ’’;
Paṭivācāya dānena, kriyāvācakatā matā.
Evam ākhy ātikassa kriy ālakkha ṇat ā veditabb ā;

Id āni k ālesu vibhattippavatti eva ṃ veditabb ā –
Paccuppannamhi kālasmiṃ, vattamānā pavattati;
Āsiṭṭhāṇāpanatthesu, paccuppannamhi pañcamī.
Paccuppanne parikappā-numatyatthesu sattamī;
Appaccakkhe atītamhi, parokkhā sampavattati.
Hiyyo pabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;
Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, hiyyattanī niruttitā.
Ajjappabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;
Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, samīpejjatanavhayā.
Anāgate bhavissantī, kālasmiṃ sampavattati;
Kriyātipannamattamhi, tīte kālātipattikā;
Anāgatepi hotīti, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.
Evaṃ kālesu vibhattippavattiṃ ñatvā ye te suttantesu vicittā
suvisadavipulatikhiṇabuddhivisayabhūtā payogā dissanti, tesu pāṭavamicchantehi tyādikkamena
vuccamānā kriyāpadamālā sallakkhitabbā – bhavati, bhavanti. Bhavasi, bhavatha. Bhavāmi,
bhavāma. Bhavate, bhavante. Bhavase, bhavavhe. Bhave, bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ aññayogādirahitā
kriyāpadamālā.
Dissanti ca suttantesu atthasambhavepi aññayogādirahitāni kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Sabbe
saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati. Yaṃ maṃ bhaṇasi sārathi. Aññaṃ sepaṇṇi gacchāmi’’
iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.
Ettha tividho kriyāpadesu yogo ta yogo, ma yogo, aññayogo ca. Tattha majjhimapurisā
ta yogavasena gahetabbā, uttamapurisā ma yogavasena. Paṭhamapurisā aññayogavasena.
Tyādīnamettha paṭipāṭiyā ayaṃ anugīti –
Aññayogena paṭhamā, ta yogena tu majjhimā;
Mayogenuttamā honti, gahetabbā vibhāvinā.
Sotūnaṃ payogesu kosallatthaṃ aññayogādisahitamaparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma – so
bhavati, te bhavanti. Tvaṃ bhavasi, tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavate,
te bhavante. Tvaṃ bhavase, tumhe bhavavhe. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ
aññayogādisahitā kriyāpadamālā.
Dissanti ca suttantesu aññayogādisahitānipi kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Yaṃpāyaṃ deva
kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo, idampimassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati, tassimāni
satta ratanāni bhavanti. Yo dandhakāle tarati, taraṇīye ca dandhati, tvaṃsi ācariyo mama, ahampi
daṭṭhukāmosmi, pitaraṃ me idhāgataṃ’’ iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.
Yo tumha saddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti tumhatthavācako, neso saddo
kriyāpadassa ta yogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti. Yo ca
amha saddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti amhatthavācako, na sopi saddo kriyāpadassa
ma yogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti.
Tatra tumha saddena tāva vattabbatthe – ‘‘na bhavaṃ eti puññatthaṃ, sivirājassa dassanaṃ.
Māyasmā samaggassa saṅghassa bhedāya parakkami. Idha bhante bhagavā paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti
iccevamādayo payogā. Amha saddena pana vattabbatthe ‘‘upāli taṃ mahāvīra, pā
de vandati satthuno.
Sāvako te mah āvīra, sara ṇo vandati satthuno ’’ ti ca iccevam ādayo payog ā. Idametthupalakkhitabba ṃ

‘‘ tva ṃ tumhe aha ṃ maya ’’ nti atthad īpaka ta yoga ma yogato añño aññatthad īpano payogoyeva
aññayogo nāma, tattha paṭhamapuriso bhavatīti.
Yajjevaṃ ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi antalikkhe. Esa sutvā
pasīdāmi, vaco te isisattamā’’tiādīsu kathaṃ. Ettha hi majjhimuttamapurisasambhavoyeva dissati, na
tu paṭhamapurisasambhavoti? Vuccate – ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi
antalikkhe’’tiādīsu ‘‘so’’tiādikassa nāmasaddassa
tumha’mha saddassatthavācakasaddehi‘‘tiṭṭhasī’’tiādīnaṃ syādyantānaṃ padānaṃ dassanato
accantamajjhāharitabbehi samānādhikaraṇattā tagguṇabhūtattā ca majjhimuttamapurisasambhavo
samadhigantabbo. Īdisesu payogesu syādyantānaṃ dassanavasena avijjamānānipi ajjhāharitabbāni
‘‘tvamaha’’miccādīni padāni bhavanti. Katthaci pana paripuṇṇāni dissanti ‘‘sātvaṃ
vaṅkamanuppattā, kathaṃ maddi karissasi. So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā pura’’nti
iccevamādīsu.
Ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattā aliṅgabhedattā ca tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ
sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ aparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma –
Puriso bhavati, kaññā bhavati, cittaṃ bhavati, purisā bhavanti, kaññāyo bhavanti, cittāni
bhavanti. Bho purisa tvaṃ bhavasi, bhoti kaññe tvaṃ bhavasi, bho citta tvaṃ bhavasi, bhavanto
purisā tumhe bhavatha, bhotiyo kaññāyo tumhe bhavatha, bhavanto cittāni tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ
puriso bhavāmi, ahaṃ kaññā bhavāmi, ahaṃ cittaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ purisā bhavāma, mayaṃ
kaññāyo bhavāma, mayaṃ cittāni bhavāma.
Esa nayo attanopadesu, sesavibhattīnaṃ sabbapadesupi. Ayamākhyātikassa tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ
sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanī kriyāpadamālāva.
Vuttañhetaṃ niruttipiṭake ‘‘kriyālakkhaṇamākhyātikamaliṅgabheda’’miti. Tatra
aliṅgabheda miti ko attho? Itthipumanapuṃsakānaṃ avisesattho vuccate ‘‘aliṅgabheda’’miti. Yathā
‘‘puriso gacchati, kaññā gacchati, cittaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Catudhā uddiṭṭhakriyāpadesu yathā
‘‘bhavatī’’ti akārānantaratyantapadaṃ gahetvā ‘‘bhavati bhavanti bhavasī’’tiādinā kriyāpadamālā
sabbathā katā, evaṃ ‘‘ubbhavati’’ccādīnipi akārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā ‘‘ubbhavati
ubbhavanti ubbhavasī’’tiādinā kriyāpadamālā sabbathā kātabbā. ‘‘Bhoti sambhotī’’tiādīni pana
okārānantaratyantapadāni, ‘‘bhāveti vibhāvetī’’tiādīni ca ekārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā
pāḷinayānusāreneva padamālā kātabbā, nayidha vuttanayānusārena. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu duranubodhā
kriyāpadagati. Ato labbhamānavasena kriyāpadamālā kātabbā. Na hi loke lokiyā sabbe dhātusadde
paccekaṃ sabbehipi channavutiyā vacanehi yojetvā vadanti, evaṃ avadantānampi nesaṃ kathā
aparipuṇṇā nāma na hoti, tasmā vajjetabbaṭṭhānaṃ vajjetvā yathāsambhavaṃ padamālā kātabbā.
Evaṃ pañcamiyādīsupi vibhattīsu. Ayaṃ vattamānavibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Ito paṭṭhāya pana yathuddiṭṭhapadāneva pariṇāmetvā pariṇāmetvā pañcamiyādīnaṃ
mātikābhāvena gahetabbāni. Idāni pana tayogādisahitāsahitavasena dvidhā kriyāpadamālāyo
dassessāma kvacādesavasena sambhūtāni ca rūpantarāni sotūnaṃ sukhadhāraṇatthañceva
purisappayoge asammohatthañca.
Bhavatu, bhavantu. Bhavāhi, bhava, bhavatha. Bhavāmi, bhavāma. Bhavataṃ, bhavantaṃ.
Bhavassu, bhavavho. Bhave, bhavāmase. So bhavatu, te bhavantu. Tvaṃ bhavāhi, bhava, tumhe
bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavataṃ, te bhavantaṃ. Tvaṃ bhavassu, tumhe
bhavavho. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmase. Ayaṃ pañcamīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Bhaveyya, bhave, bhaveyyuṃ. Bhaveyyāsi, bhaveyyātha. Bhaveyyāmi, bhaveyyāma, bhavemu.
Bhavetha, bhaveraṃ. Bhavetho, bhaveyyāvho. Bhaveyyaṃ, bhaveyyāmhe iti vā, so bhaveyya,
bhave, te bhaveyyuṃ. Tvaṃ bhaveyyāsi, tumhe bhaveyyātha. Ahaṃ bhaveyyāmi, mayaṃ
bhaveyyāma, bhavemu. So bhavetha, te bhaveraṃ. Tvaṃ bhavetho, tumhe bhaveyyāvho. Ahaṃ
bhaveyya ṃ, maya ṃ bhaveyy āmhe iti v ā. Aya ṃ sattam īvibhattivasena kriy āpadam ālāniddeso.

Babh ūva, babh ūvu. Babh ūve, babh ūvittha. Babh ūva ṃ, babh ūvimha. Babh ūvittha, babh ūvire.
Babhūvittho, babhūvivho. Babhūviṃ, babhūvimhe iti vā, so babhūva, te babhūvu. Tvaṃ babhūve,
tumhe babhūvittha. Ahaṃ babhūvaṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimha. So babhūvittha, te babhūvire. Tvaṃ
babhūvittho, tumhe babhūvivho. Ahaṃ babhūviṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ
parokkhāvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavo, abhavattha. Abhavaṃ, abhavamhā. Abhavattha, abhavatthuṃ.
Abhavase, abhavavhaṃ. Abhaviṃ, abhavamhase iti vā, so abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe
abhavattha. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhā. So abhavattha, te abhavatthuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavase,
tumhe abhavavhaṃ. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhase iti vā. Ayaṃ hiyyattanīvibhattivasena
kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Abhavi, abhavuṃ. Abhavo, abhavittha. Abhaviṃ, abhavimhā. Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavase,
abhavivhaṃ. Abhavhaṃ, abhavimhe iti vā, so abhavi, te abhavuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe abhavittha.
Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhā. So abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavase, tumhe abhavivhaṃ.
Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ ajjatanīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Ettha panajjataniyā uṃvacanassa iṃsu mādesavasena bhavatino rūpantarānipi veditabbāni.
Seyyathidaṃ? Te bhaviṃsu, samubbhaviṃsu, pabhaviṃsu, parābhaviṃsu, sambhaviṃsu,
pātubhaviṃsu, pātubbhaviṃsu, imāni akammakapadāni. Paribhaviṃsu, abhibhaviṃsu,
adhibhaviṃsu, atibhaviṃsu, anubhaviṃsu, samanubhaviṃsu, abhisambhaviṃsu.
‘‘Adhibhosu’’nti rūpampi, yasmā dissati pāḷiyaṃ;
Tasmā hi nayato ñe yyaṃ, ‘‘paribhosu’’ntiādikaṃ.
Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – ‘‘evaṃvihāriñcāvuso bhikkhuṃ rūpā adhibhosuṃ, na bhikkhu rūpe
adhibhosī’’ti. Imāni sakammakapadāni, evamajjataniyā uṃvacanassa iṃsu mādesavasena bhavatino
rūpantarāni bhavanti. Apica
‘‘Anvabhi’’ itirūpampi, ajjatanyā padissati;
Tasmā hi nayato ñeyyaṃ, ‘‘ajjhabhi’’ccādikampi ca.
Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – so tena kammena divaṃ samakkami, sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhīti.
Tattha anvabhīti anu abhīti chedo. Anūti upasaggo. Abhīti ākhyātikapadanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Bhavissati, bhavissanti. Bhavissasi, bhavissatha. Bhavissāmi, bhavissāma. Bhavissate,
bhavissante. Bhavissase, bhavissavhe. Bhavissaṃ, bhavissāmhe iti vā, so bhavissati, te bhavissanti.
Tvaṃ bhavissasi, tumhe bhavissatha. Ahaṃ bhavissāmi, mayaṃ bhavissāma. So bhavissate, te
bhavissante. Tvaṃ bhavissase, tumhe bhavissavhe. Ahaṃ bhavissaṃ, mayaṃ bhavissāmhe iti vā.
Ayaṃ bhavissantīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Abhavissā, abhavissaṃsu. Abhavisse, abhavissatha. Abhavissaṃ, abhavissāmhā. Abhavissatha,
abhavissisu. Abhavissase, abhavissavhe. Abhavissiṃ, abhavissāmhase iti vā, so abhavissā, te
abhavissaṃsu. Tvaṃ abhavisse, tumhe abhavissatha. Ahaṃ abhavissaṃ, mayaṃ abhavissāmhā. So
abhavissatha, te abhavissisu. Tvaṃ abhavissase, tumhe abhavissavhe. Ahaṃ abhavissiṃ, mayaṃ
abhavissāmhase iti vā. Ayaṃ kālātipattivibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.
Vohārabhedakusalena subuddhinā yo,
Kaccāyanena kathito jinasāsanatthaṃ;
Tyādikkamo tadanugaṃ kiriyāpadānaṃ,
Katvā kamo bhavatidhātuvasena vutto.
Iti nava ṅge s āṭṭ hakathe pi ṭakattaye byappathagat īsu viññ ūna ṃ

Kosallatth āya kate saddan ītippakara ṇe
Bhavatino kriyāpadamālāvibhāgo nāma
Dutiyo paricchedo.
3. Pakiṇṇakavinicchaya
Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, pakiṇṇakavinicchayaṃ;
Sappayogesu atthesu, viññūnaṃ pāṭavatthayā.
Tattha atthuddhāro, atthasaddacintā, atthātisayayogo, samānāsamānavasenavacanasaṅgaho,
āgamalakkhaṇavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho, kālavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho, kālasaṅgaho,
pakaraṇasaṃsandanā, vattamānādīnaṃ vacanatthavibhāvanā cāti navadhā vinicchayo veditabbo.
Atthuddhāre tāva samānasutikapadānamatthuddhāraṇaṃ karissāma. Etthākhyātapadasaññitānaṃ
bhoti sadda bhave saddānamattho uddharitabbo. Tathā hete nāmikapadasaññitehi aparehi bhoti sadda
bhave saddehi samānasutikāpi asamānatthā ceva honti asamānavibhattikā ca. Sāsanasmiñhi keci
saddā aññamaññaṃ samānasutikā samānāpi asamānatthā asamānapavattinimittā asamānaliṅgā
asamānavibhattikā asamānavacanakā asamānantā asamānakālikā asamānapadajātikā ca bhavanti.
Tesamasamānatthatte ‘‘sabbañhi taṃ jīrati dehanissitaṃ. Appassutāyaṃ puriso, balibaddova
jīrati. Santo tasito. Pahu santo na bharati. Santo ācikkhate muni. Santo sappurisā loke. Santo
saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti evamādayo payogā. Ettha jīrati saddadvayaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ
navabhāvāpagamavaḍḍhanavācakaṃ. Santo saddapañcakaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ
parissamappattasamānopasantopalabbhamānavācakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Asamānapavattinimittatte pana ‘‘akataññū mittadubbhī, assaddho akataññūcā’’tievamādayo.
Ettha ca akataññūsaddadvayaṃ katākatājānanajānanapavattinimittaṃ paṭicca sambhūtattā
asamānapavattinimittakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Asamānaliṅgatte ‘‘sukhī hotu pañcasikha sakko devānamindo. Tvañca bhadde sukhī hohi.
Yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti. Mātā me atthi, sā mayā posetabbā’’ti evamādayo. Ettha sukhīsaddadvayaṃ
sāsaddadvayañca pumitthiliṅgavasena asamānaliṅganti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Asamānavibhattikatte ‘‘āhāre udare yato. Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti evamādayo. Ettha
yatosa ddadvayaṃ paṭhamāpañcamīvibhattisahitattā asamānavibhattikanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Asamānavacanakatte ime payogā –
‘‘Yāya mātu bhato poso, imaṃ lokaṃ avekkhati;
Tampi pāṇadadiṃ santiṃ, hanti kuddho puthujjano’’ti
Ādīsu hanti saddo ekavacano.
‘‘Ime nūna araññasmiṃ, migasaṅghāni luddakā;
Vākurāhi parikkhippa, sobbhaṃ pātetvā tāvade;
Vikkosamānā tibbāhi, hanti nesaṃ varaṃ vara’’nti.
Ādīsu pana bahuvacano. ‘‘Sīlavā vattasampanno. Etha tumhe āyasmanto sīlavā hotha. Santo danto
niyato brahmacārī. Santo have sabbhi pavedayanti. Mahārājā yasassī so. Cattāro mahārājā’’ti
evamādīsu sīlavāsaddādayo ekavacanabahuvacanakā.

Asam ānantatte pana yattha sam ānasutik āna ṃ asam ānavibhattikatta ṃ vā asam ānavacanatta ṃ vā
upalabbhati. Teyeva payogā. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Sataṃ sampajānaṃ, sataṃ dhammo, santo danto, santo
sappurisā’’ iccevamādayo.
Asamānakālatte ‘‘nanu te sutaṃ brāhmaṇa bhaññamāne, devā na issanti purisaparakkamassa.
Te janā pāramissanti, maccudheyyaṃ suduttara’’nti evamādayo. Ettha issanti saddadvayaṃ
vattamānābhavissantīkālavasena asamānakālanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vattamānābhavissantīvibhattivasena
pana asamānavibhattikantipi.
Asamānapadajātikatte ‘‘sayaṃ samāhito nāgo, sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ. Pathe
dhāvantiyā pati, ekaṃsaṃ ajinaṃ katvā, pādesu sirasā pati. Giriṃ caṇḍoraṇaṃ patī’’ti evamādayo.
Ettha sayaṃsaddadvayaṃ nāmanipātavasena pati saddattayaṃ nāmākhyātopasaggavasena
asamānapadajātikanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Iminā nayena sabbattha vitthāretabbaṃ. Evaṃ sāsanasmiṃ keci saddā aññamaññaṃ
samānasutikā samānāpi asamānatthā asamānapavattinimittā asamānaliṅgā asamānavibhattikā
asamānavacanakā asamānantā asamānakālikā asamānapadajātikā ca bhavanti. Etādisesu saddesu yo
kriyāpadattaṃ pakāseti, na so nāmikapadattaṃ. Yo ca nāmikapadattaṃ pakāseti, na so
kriyāpadattaṃ. Evaṃ santepi sutisāmaññato ekattena gahetvā atthuddhāro karaṇīyoti
yathāvuttakriyāpadānaṃ nāmapadehi samānasutikānaṃ bhoti sadda bhave saddānamatthuddhāraṃ
vadāma.
Kathaṃ? Bhoti saddo kattuyoge kriyāpadaṃ, kriyāyoge nāmikapadaṃ, tasmā so dvīsu atthesu
vattati kriyāpadatthe nāmikapadatthe ca. Tattha kriyāpadatthe vattamānavasena, nāmikapadatthe
panālapanavasena. Kriyāpadatthe tāva ‘‘eko bhoti’’, nāmikapadatthe ‘‘mā bhoti paridevesi’’.
Atridaṃ vuccati –
Bhāve nāmapadatthe ca, ālapanavisesite;
Imesu dvīsu atthesu, bhoti saddo pavattati.
Bhave saddo pana ‘‘bhavāmī’’timassa vattamānāvibhattiyuttassa saddassatthepi vattati.
‘‘Bhavāmī’’timassa pañcamīvibhattiyuttassa saddassa āṇatyāsīsanatthesupi vattati.
‘‘Bhaveyyāmī’’timassa sattamīvibhattisahitassa saddassa anumatiparikappatthesupi vattati. Tatridaṃ
paṭhamatthassa sādhakaṃ āhaccavacanaṃ –
‘‘Devānaṃ adhiko homi, bhavāmi manujādhipo;
Rūpalakkhaṇasampanno, paññāya asamo bhave’’ti.
Ayaṃ pana sabbesaṃ tesamatthānaṃ sādhikā amhākaṃ gāthāracanā –
‘‘Sukhī bhavati eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave;
Sukhī bhavatu eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave.
Imāya buddhapūjāya, bhavantu sukhitā pajā;
Bhave’hañca sukhappatto, sāmacco saha ñātibhi.
Sukhī bhaveyya eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave;
Sukhī bhaveyya ce eso, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave’’ti.
Iccevaṃ –
Vattamānāya pañcamyaṃ, sattamyañca vibhattiyaṃ;
Etesu tīsu ṭhānesu, bhave saddo pavattati.

Ekadh ā vattam ānāya ṃ, pañcam īsattam īsu ca;
Dvedhā dvedhātimassatthaṃ, pañcadhā paridīpaye.
Dvedhā vā vattamānāya-mādipurisavācako;
Attho ‘‘bhave’’ti etassa, ‘‘bhavatī’’tipiyujjati.
Idāni pana etassa, vuttassatthassa sādhakaṃ;
Ettha pāḷippadesaṃ tu, āharissaṃ suṇātha me.
Ko’yaṃ majjhesamuddasmiṃ, apassaṃ tīramāyuhe;
Kaṃ tvaṃ atthavasaṃ ñatvā, evaṃ vāyamase bhusaṃ.
Nisamma vattaṃ lokassa, vāyāmassa ca devate;
Tasmā majjhesamuddasmiṃ, apassaṃ tīramāyuhe.
Assaṃ purimagāthāyaṃ, ‘‘āyuhe’’tipadassa hi;
‘‘Āyūhatī’’ti atthoti, viññātabbo vibhāvinā.
Vibhattiyā vipallāsa-vasenāyaṃ samīrito;
Vattamāne sattamīti, tissekāravasena vā.
Pacchimāya ca gāthāyaṃ, ‘‘āyuhe’’tipadassa tu;
‘‘Āyūhāmī’’ti atthoti, saddatthaññū vibhāvaye.
Tathā ‘‘bhave’’tietassa, vattamānāvibhattiyaṃ;
‘‘Bhavatī’’ti, ‘‘bhavāmī’’ti, catthaṃ dvedhā vibhāvaye.
Evaṃvidhesu aññesu, pāṭhesupi ayaṃ nayo;
Netabbo nayadakkhena, nayasāgarasāsane.
Evamayaṃ bhave saddo pañcasu chasu vā kriyāpadatthesu pavattati. Tathā
sattamīvibhatyantanāmikapadassa vuddhisaṃsārakammabhavūpapattibhavasaṅkhātesu atthesupi.
Tathā hi ‘‘abhave nandati tassa, bhave tassa na nandatī’’tiādīsu vuddhimhi. ‘‘Bhave
vicaranto’’tiādīsu saṃsāre. ‘‘Bhave kho sati jāti hoti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇa’’ntiādīsu kammabhave.
‘‘Evaṃ bhavevijjamāne’’tiādīsu upapattibhaveti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iminā nayena bhūdhātuto
nipphannānaṃ aññatopi aññesaṃ kriyāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavamattho uddharitabbo.
Ākhyātatthamhime atthā, na lātabbā kudācanaṃ;
Atthuddhāravasenete, uddhaṭā nāmato yato.
Idamettha saṅkhepato atthuddhāranayanidassanaṃ.
Atthasaddacintāyaṃ pana evamupalakkhetabbaṃ – ‘‘bhavante, parābhavante,
parābhave’’iccādayo gacchati gacchaṃ gacchato saddādayo viya visesasaddā, na
yācanopatāpanatthādivācako nāthati saddo viya, na ca rājadevatādivācako deva saddo viya
sāmaññasaddā. Ye cettha visesasaddā, te sabbakālaṃ visesasaddāva. Ye ca sāmaññasaddā, tepi
sabbakālaṃ sāmaññasaddāva.
Tatra gacchatītiādīnaṃ visesasaddatā evaṃ daṭṭhabbā –gacchatīti ekaṃ nāmapadaṃ,
ekamākhyātaṃ. Tathā gaccha nti ekaṃ nāmapadaṃ, ekamākhyātaṃ. Gacchato ti eko kitanto, aparo
rūḷhīsaddo. Satipi visesasaddatte sadisattā sutisāmaññato tabbisayaṃ buddhiṃ nuppādeti
vināva’tthappakaraṇasaddantarābhisambandhena. Tathā hi saddantarābhisambandhena ‘‘gacchati
patiṭṭhita’’nti vutte sattamyantaṃ nāmapadanti viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchati tisso’’ti vutte panākhyātanti.
Tath ā ‘‘ sa gaccha ṃ na nivattat ī’’ ti vutte pa ṭhamanta ṃ nāmapadanti viññ āyati. ‘‘ Gaccha ṃ

puttanivedako ’’ ti vutte ākhy ātanti viññ āyati. ‘‘ Gacchato hayato patito ’’ ti vutte kitantoti
viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchato paṇṇapupphāni patantī’’ti vutte rukkhavācako rūḷhīsaddoti. Iti visesasaddānaṃ
ākhyātanāmānaṃ nāmākhyātehi samānasutikānaṃ atthābhisambandhādīsu yo koci
atthavisesañāpako sambandho avassamicchitabbo. Evaṃ ‘‘gacchatī’’tiādīnaṃ
ākhyātanāmattādivasena paccekaṃ ṭhitānaṃ ekekatthavācakānaṃ visesasaddatā daṭṭhabbā.
‘‘Nāthati devo’’tiādīnaṃ pana ākhyātanāmānaṃ nāmākhyātehi asamānasutikānaṃ
anekatthavācakānaṃ sāmaññasaddatā eva daṭṭhabbā. Atthasambandhādīsu hi vinā yena kenaci
sambandhena ‘‘nāthatī’’ti vutte ‘‘yācatī’’ti vā ‘‘upatāpetī’’ti vā ‘‘issariyaṃ karotī’’ti vā ‘‘āsīsatī’’ti
vā attho paṭibhāti, tathā ‘‘devo’’ti vutte ‘‘megho’’ti vā ‘‘ākāso’’ti vā ‘‘rājā’’ti vā ‘‘devatā’’ti vā
‘‘visuddhidevo’’ti vā attho paṭibhāti. Yadā pana saddantarābhisambandhena ‘‘nāthati
suppaṭipatti’’nti vutte tadā ‘‘nāthatī’’ti kriyāpadassa ‘‘yācatī’’ti attho viññāyati, ‘‘nāthati
sabbakilese’’ti vutte ‘‘upatāpetī’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Nāthati sakacitte’’ti vutte ‘‘issariyaṃ karotī’’ti
attho viññāyati. ‘‘Nāthati lokassa hita’’nti vutte ‘‘āsīsatī’’ti attho viññāyati. Tathā ‘‘devo gajjatī’’ti
vutte ‘‘devo’’ti nāmapadassa ‘‘megho’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Viddho vigatavalāhako devo’’ti vutte
‘‘ākāso’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Pivatu devo pānīya’’nti vutte ‘‘rājā’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Devo devakāyā
cavati āyusaṅkhayā’’ti vutte ‘‘devatā’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Devātidevo satapuññalakkhaṇo’’ti vutte
‘‘visuddhidevo’’ti attho viññāyati. Iminā nayena aññepi sāmaññasaddā ñātabbā.
Sabbametaṃ ñatvā yathā attho saddena, saddo catthena na virujjhati, tathātthasaddā cintanīyā.
Tatridaṃ upalakkhaṇamattaṃ cintākāranidassanaṃ – ‘‘atthakusalā bhavante’’ti vā ‘‘kiccāni
bhavante’’ti vā vutte ‘‘bhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘bhavantī’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho
ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Bhavante passāmī’’ti vā ‘‘icchāmī’’ti vā vutte upayogatthavaṃ nāmapadanti
evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Bhavante jane pasaṃsatī’’ti vā ‘‘kāmetī’’ti vā vutte
paccattopayogatthavantāni dve nāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Corā
parābhavante’’ti vutte ‘‘parābhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘parābhavantī’’timinā samānatthamākhyātikapadanti
evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Parābhavante janā icchanti amittāna’’nti vutte ‘‘parābhavante’’ti
imāni upayogapaccattatthavantāni dve nāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Eso
parābhave’’ti vutte ‘‘parābhave’’ti idaṃ ‘‘parābhaveyyā’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti
evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ete parābhave loke, paṇḍito samavekkhiyā’’ti vutte
‘‘parābhave’’ti idaṃ upayogatthavaṃ bahuvacanaṃ nāmapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo.
‘‘Parābhave satī’’ti vutte bhāvalakkhaṇabhummatthekavacanakaṃ nāmapadanti evamattho ca saddo
ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Tumhe me pasādā sambhave’’ti vutte ‘‘sambhave’’ti idaṃ ‘‘sambhavathā’’timinā
samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ sambhavavhe’’ti vutte
‘‘sambhavavhe’’ti idaṃ sambhavāya nāma itthiyā vācakaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ sālapanaṃ nāmikapadanti
evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ sambhavavhepatiṭṭhita’’nti vutte sambhavanāmakassa
purisassa vācakaṃ pulliṅgaṃ bhummavacananti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo.
‘‘Varuṇo brahmadevo ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
Sambhavo nāmupaṭṭhāko, revatassa mahesino’’ti –
Hi pāḷi. ‘‘Dhammā pātubhavante’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘pātubhavantī’’timinā
samānatthaṃ sanipātamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātu bhavante jane’’ti
vutte ‘‘te jane bhavaṃ rakkhatū’’ti atthavācakāni ākhyātakitantasabbanāmikapadānīti evamattho ca
saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātubhavase tvaṃ guṇehī’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhavase’’ti idaṃ ‘‘pātubhavasī’’timinā
samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātubhavase guṇe yo tva’’nti vutte
‘‘pātubhavāhi attano guṇahetu tva’’nti atthavācakāninipātayuttākhyātanāmapadānīti evamattho ca
saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ahamattano guṇehi pātubhave’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhave’’ti idaṃ
‘‘pātubhavāmī’’timinā samānatthaṃ sanipātamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo.
‘‘Maṃ pātu bhave idaṃ puññakamma’’nti vutte ‘‘maṃ rakkhatu saṃsāre idaṃ puññakamma’’nti
atthavācakāni ākhyātanāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. Iminā nayena sabbattha
yathārahamatthasaddā cintanīyā. Tattha samānasutikānaṃ kesañci saddānaṃ ‘‘na tesaṃ koṭṭhe
openti. Na tesaṃ antarā gacche. Satta vo licchavī aparihānīye dhamme desessāmi, ime te deva
sattavo, tvañca uttamasattavo’’tiādīsu samānasutikānaṃ viya uccāraṇaviseso icchanīyo.
Uccāraṇavisese hi sati padāni paribyattāni, padesu paribyattesu attho paribyatto hoti,

atthaparigg āhak āna ṃ atth ādhigamo akiccho hoti, suparisuddh ādāsatale pa ṭibimbadassana ṃ viya, so
ca gahitapubbasaṅketassa atthasambandhādīsu aññatarasmiṃ ñāteyeva hoti, na itarathā. Vuttañhetaṃ
porāṇehi –
‘‘Visayattamanāpannā, saddā nevatthabodhakā;
Na padamattato atthe, te aññātā pakāsakā’’ti.
Yadidamettha vuttamamhehi ‘‘uccāraṇaviseso icchanīyo’’ti. Atrāyamuccāraṇavisesadīpanī
gāthā sahatthappakāsananayadānagāthāya.
‘‘Na te saṃ koṭṭhe openti’’, iti pāṭhe sumedhaso;
Padaṃ ‘‘na te’’ti chinditvā, ‘‘saṃ koṭṭhe’’ti paṭheyya ve.
‘‘Saṃ na openti koṭṭhe te, bhikkhū’’ti atthamīraye;
Evamimesu aññesu, pāṭhesupi ayaṃ nayo.
Atha yaṃ panidampi vuttaṃ ‘‘kesañcī’’ti, taṃ kimatthaṃ? ‘‘Gacchati patiṭṭhitaṃ, gacchati
tisso, bhavante passāmi, atthakusalā bhavante, vadantaṃ ekapokkharā, vadantaṃ paṭivadatī’’tiādīsu
samānasutikānamuccāraṇaviseso na labbhatīti dassanatthaṃ. Tasmā idamettha sallakkhetabbaṃ –
yattha samānasutikānamuccāraṇaviseso labbhati atthaviseso ca padānaṃ vibhāgavasena vā
avibhāgavasena vā, tattha payoge samānasutikamekaccaṃ padaṃ vicchinditvā uccāretabbaṃ.
Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Hetu hetusampayuttakānaṃ dhammānaṃ taṃsamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ
hetupaccayena paccayo. So tena saddhiṃ bhāsati, sotena vuyhati. Bhavante jane pasaṃsati, bhavante
passāmī’’ti evamādayo payogā. Ettha ‘‘hetū’’ti īsakaṃ vicchinditvā ‘‘hetusampayuttāna’’nti
uccāretabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘so’’ti vicchinditvā ‘‘tena saddhi’’nti uccāretabbaṃ. ‘‘Bhava’’nti vicchinditvā
‘‘te jane’’ti uccāretabbaṃ.
Sesaṃ pana samānasutikaṃ vicchinditvā na uccāretabbaṃ. Avicchindanīyasmiñhi ṭhāne
vicchinditvā paṭhitassa attho duṭṭho hoti. Evaṃ padavibhāgāvibhāgavasena
samānasutikānamatthuccāraṇaviseso veditabbo. Ettha hi ‘‘so tenā’’tiādīsu dvipadatthaggahaṇaṃ
vibhāgo, ekapadatthaggahaṇamavibhāgoti adhippeto. Ettha ca visuṃ vavatthitānaṃ
asamānasutikānaṃ ekato katvā samānasutikabhāvaparikappanaṃ atthantaraviññāpanatthañceva
uccāraṇavisesadassanatthañca. Na hi etāni ‘‘sappo sappo’’tiādīsu viya ekasmiṃyevatthe
samānasutikāni. Evaṃ santepi ekajjhakaraṇena laddhaṃ samānasutilesaṃ gahetvā
atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ uccāraṇavisesadassanatthañca ‘‘samānasutikānī’’ti vuttāni. Esa nayo
aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu. Idamettha sallakkhetabbaṃ –
Yattha samānasutikānaṃ aṭṭhārasākāresu yena kenaci ākārena atthaviseso labbhati, vicchinditvā
pana uccāraṇe saddavilāso na hoti, attho vā duṭṭho hoti, na tādisesu payogesu samānasutikāni padāni
vicchinditvā uccāretabbāni. Tatra katamena cākārena atthavisesalābho bhavati? Padānaṃ
vibhāgavasena vā avibhāgavasena vā akkharasannidhānavasena vā padasannidhānavasena vā
padakkharasannidhānavasena vā vicchāvasena vā kammappavacanīyavasena vā bhayakodhādīsu
uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena vā guṇavācakasaddassa dviruttavasena vā kriyāpadassa
dviruttavasena vā saṃhitāpadacchedavasena vā agāravatthaparidīpanavasena vā
nirantaratthaparidīpanavasena vā nanirantaratthaparidīpanavasena vā
‘‘punappuna’’miccatthaparidīpanavasena vā upamāne iva saddavasena vā iti saddaṃ paṭicca
saddapadatthavācakatthaparidīpanavasena vā tathāpavattacittaparidīpanavasena vāti
imesuṭṭhārasākāresu, vitthārato pana chabbīsāya ākāresu tato vādhikesu yena kenaci ākārena
atthavisesalābho bhavati.
Ettha padānaṃ tāva vibhāgavasena vā avibhāgavasena vā samānasutikānamatthavisesalābhe
‘‘sā naṃ saṅgati pāleti, abhikkamo sānaṃ paññāyati. Mā no deva avadhi, māno mayhaṃ na vijjatī’’ti
evamādayo payogā.
Akkharasannidhānavasena pana atthavisesalābhe ‘‘santehi mahito hito. Saṅgā saṅgāmajiṃ

mutta ṃ, tamaha ṃ br ūmi br āhma ṇaṃ. Dāṭ hī dāṭ hīsu pakkhandi, maññam āno yath ā pure.
Sabbābhibhuṃva sirasāsirasā namāmi. Bhūmito uṭṭhitā yāva, brahmalokā vidhāvati. Acci accimato
loke, ḍayhamānamhi tejasā’’ti evamādayo payogā.
Padasannidhānavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘āpo āpogataṃ. Rājarājamahāmattādayo,
sukho’lokassa lokassa, kārako ñāṇacakkhudo, nirāpade pade ninno, anantañāṇaṃ karuṇālayaṃ
layaṃ, malassa buddhaṃ susamāhitaṃ hitaṃ. Namāmi dhammaṃ bhavasaṃvaraṃ varaṃ,
guṇākarañceva niraṅgaṇaṃ gaṇa’’nti evamādayo payogā.
Padakkharasannidhānavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘pamāṇarahitaṃ hitaṃ, siddhattho
sabbasiddhattho, tilokamahito hito. Upagantvāna sambuddho, idaṃ vacanamabravī’’ti evamādayo
payogā. Tatrimā akkharasannidhānādīsu adhippāyaviññāpaniyo gāthā –
Mahito iti saddamhā, ma kāro ce vivecito;
Saddo niratthako ettha, ‘‘akkhara’’nti vade budho.
Ñeyyā akkharayogena,
‘‘Santehi mahito hito’’;
Iccādīsu sarūpānaṃ,
Hoti atthavisesatā.
Upasaggā nipātā ca, yañcaññaṃ atthajotakaṃ;
Ekakkharampi viññūhi, taṃ ‘‘pada’’nti samīritaṃ.
Padānaṃ sannidhānañca, padakkharānameva ca;
Samāse labbhamānattaṃ, sandhāya lapitaṃ mayā.
Vicchāvasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘gāme gāme sataṃ kumbhā, gāmo gāmo ramaṇīyo’’ti
evamādayo payogā. Ettha hi vicchāvasena sabbepi gāmā pariggahitā.
Nānādhikaraṇānaṃ tu, vattumekakkhaṇamhi yā;
Icchato byāpituṃ icchā, sā vicchāti pakittitā.
Kammappavacanīyavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pati vijjotate cando, rukkhaṃ
rukkhaṃ pari vijjotate cando’’ti payogā, rukkhānaṃ upari upari vijjotateti attho.
Bhayakodhādīsu uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena pana atthavisesalābhe ime payogā –
bhaye tāva ‘‘coro coro, sappo sappo’’iccādayo. Kodhe ‘‘vasala vasala, caṇḍāla caṇḍāla, vijjha vijjha,
pahara pahara’’iccādayo. Pasaṃsāyaṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu sāriputta, abhikkantaṃ bhante abhikkantaṃ
bhante’’iccādayo. Turite ‘‘abhikkama vāseṭṭha abhikkama vāseṭṭha, gaccha gaccha, lunāhi
lunāhi’’iccādayo. Kotūhale ‘‘āgaccha āgaccha’’iccādayo. Acchariye ‘‘aho buddho aho
buddho’’iccādayo. Hāse ‘‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukhaṃ, aho manāpaṃ aho manāpaṃ’’iccādayo. Soke
‘‘kahaṃ ekaputtaka kahaṃ ekaputtaka’’iccādayo. Pasāde ‘‘bhavissanti vajjī bhavissanti
vajjī’’iccādayo. Evaṃ bhayakodhādīsu uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena atthavisesalābho
bhavati. Ettha pana atthantarābhāvepi daḷhīkammavasena padānamatthajotakabhāvoyeva
atthavisesalābho.
Bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ,
Turite kotūhala’cchare;
Hāse soke pasāde ca,
Kare āmeḍitaṃ budho.
Ca saddo avuttasamuccayattho, tena garahāasammānādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Pāpo
pāpo ’’ ti ādīsu hi garah āya ṃ. ‘‘ Abhir ūpaka abhir ūpak ā’’ ti ādīsu asamm āne. ‘‘ Kv āya ṃ abalabalo